In amphibians, pigmented cells are present in several organs, composing an extracutaneous pigmentary system. Seventeen species from two families were studied to develop a protocol for pigmentary classification. The amount and distribution of these cells are variable, allowing the establishment of anatomical patterns for visceral pigmentation in anuran testes.

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This paper describes morphological characteristics of the ovarian germinative cells of the Scinax fuscovarius (Lutz, 1925). The ovary is organized in primordial germinative cells (oogonia) and follicular structures (ovarian follicle) - oocytes surrounded by follicular cells. Oogonia: their nests are peripherically localized, containing cells with large and oval nucleus. Oocytes I: basophilic cytoplasm; the spherical nucleus presents few nucleoli, one or two; the follicular cells (one tenuous layer) surround these previtellogenic cells. Oocytes II: the cell is larger and the cytoplasm becomes more basophilic; the nucleus presents few nucleoli and contains many chromosomes in the periphery (beginning the perinucleolar stage). Oocytes III: the cytoplasm acquires an intense acidophilia; the peripherical region of cytoplasm is filled with yolk and the internal region has no yolk at all; pigment synthesis begins; the follicular envelope presents three tenuous layers: an inner acellular (vitelline envelope) and two cellular layers (follicle cells). Oocytes IV: a characteristic of this stage is the differentiation between the animal and the vegetal poles; the nucleus in the animal hemisphere and the pigments give the oocyte a color dark brown; the vitellogenesis is intense and the yolk occupies the whole cytoplasm.
O estudo apresenta algumas características histológicas das células germinativas ovarianas de Scinax fuscovarius (Lutz, 1925) após análise com colorações pelo H/E e Tricrômico de Mallory. O ovário apresenta as células germinativas primordiais, as ovogônias, as quais passam por uma citodiferenciação e, juntamente com células somáticas associadas, constitui estruturas foliculares, os folículos ovarianos, que são os ovócitos envolvidos por células foliculares. Ovogônias: formam ninhos perifericamente localizados, contendo células com núcleo grande e oval associadas com uma única célula folicular. Ovócitos I: o citoplasma é discretamente basófilo; seu núcleo é esférico e apresenta poucos nucléolos, geralmente se observa um ou dois; as células foliculares se apresentam em uma camada (epitélio pavimentoso simples) que circunda a célula germinativa em estado pré-vitelogênico. Ovócitos II: a célula é maior que a anterior e o citoplasma torna-se mais basófilo; o núcleo apresenta raros nucléolos na periferia e muitos cromossomos constituindo arranjos irregulares, é quando se inicia o estádio perinucleolar. Ovócitos III: o citoplasma adquire intensa acidofilia; a região periférica do citoplasma é preenchida por inclusões vitelínicas que ainda não ocorrem na região interna; inicia-se a síntese de pigmentos; o envoltório folicular apresenta três camadas: uma interna acelular (envoltório vitelínico) e duas camadas de células foliculares. Ovócitos IV: uma característica deste estádio é a diferenciação entre o pólo animal e o vegetal; o núcleo ou vesícula germinativa se desloca para o hemisfério animal e os pigmentos conferem uma cor marrom escura; a vitelogênese é intensa e o vitelo ocupa todo o citoplasma

Melanomacrophages are the pigmented cells present in the hematopoietic organs. Besides melanin, hemosiderin and lipofuscin are also observed in the melanomacrophages. For the liver, however, numerous studies relate these cells to immunological and metabolic functions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatic metabolism by quantifying melanin, hemosiderin and lipofuscin in the anuran Eupemphix nattereri submitted to varying thermal conditions. E. nattereri adult males were separated into three groups, as follows: (i) five animals in the control group were kept at room temperature (27 C); (ii) 30 animals were submitted to hyperthermic (35.1 C); and (iii) 30 to hypothermic (18.9 ) conditions. In each experiment, the animals were analyzed and separated into two different treatments:(1) immediately after undergoing the stress; and, (2) after recovering from the stress caused by the stimulus, at three distinct times (12 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr). Both hyperthermia and hypothermia decreased hepatic pigmentation after thermal stress. The recovered animals of both experimental treatments showed as much pigmentation as the control animals. Thermal stress alters hemosiderin and lipofuscin as well, which may be related to liver function catabolism. In conclusion, liver pigmentation decreased due to temperature variation and duration of thermal stimulation to which the animals were exposed. The increase in temperature rather than hypothermia led to more drastic physiological disorders. In this study, we observed that thermal stress for a short period compromises the morphology and liver function, as observed by the changing pigmentation of melanomacrophages. These analyses can be used as biomarkers of environmental effects. Anat Rec,

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