Aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma (ASA) is a rare acquired disorder that develops predominantly in young women. It is clinically characterized by a burning sensation and whitish discolouration on the hands and rarely on the soles after brief immersion in water, which resolves within a short time after drying. Topical aluminium chloride and salicylic acid are reportedly beneficial in some cases. In total, 20 female and 8 male patients with ASA have been reported previously. We present another male patient, who failed to respond to treatment with antihistamines and topical steroids, but responded well to formalin 3% in alcohol without any side-effects.

AA may occur in both males and females and may involve the feet. Warm water triggers the lesions more rapidly than cold. Topical formalin 3% in alcohol and 3% potassium aluminium sulfate solution may be optional therapy.

These findings show that miR-29a exerts as a novel regulator in the fibrogenesis of keloid, suggesting that miR-29a might be a novel marker for keloid.

Three multidentate ligands, L₁-L₃, derived from bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine (L₁) were synthesized. Reaction of these ligands with FeCl3·6H2O in methanol led to the formation of the iron complexes Fe₁-Fe₃ (Fe₁: [FeL₁Cl3]; Fe₂: [FeL₂Cl3]; Fe₃: [FeL₃Cl3]) in good yields. These complexes have been fully characterized. The structures of complexes Fe₁-Fe₃ have been determined using X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Electrochemical investigation revealed that complex Fe₃ partially converts to Fe₄ ([FeL₃Cl2]PF6) by the replacement of one of its three chlorides with its pendant triazolyl group in solution. Fe₄ was also synthesized by dechlorination using AgPF6 as the Cl(-) abstractor and its composition was further confirmed by both elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. All four complexes catalyze the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in a mixed medium of water and acetonitrile. The reactivity of the complexes correlates well with their reduction potentials. The more negative the potential, the more reactive (high conversion rate) the catalysts. These complexes catalyze not only the oxidation of benzene, but also the further oxidation of the product, phenol. In the oxidation, a radical mechanism is certainly involved but an alternative pathway may also exist.

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AA may occur in both males and females and may involve the feet. Warm water triggers the lesions more rapidly than cold. Topical formalin 3% in alcohol and 3% potassium aluminium sulfate solution may be optional therapy.

Keywords• acral persistent papular mucinosis • localized lichen myxedematosus • treatment Summary Acral persistent papular mucinosis is a rare subtype of localized lichen myxedematosus. It shows symmetric, asymptomatic, chronic, ivory to flesh-colored, 2-5 mm sized papules arranged on the dorsa of the hands and extensor aspects of the distal forearms. Thirty-two cases including two from China, appear to fit the proposed diagnostic criteria. We report a 31-year-old Chinese woman who presented with papules on the extensor aspects of her hands and distal forearms. Histopathology revealed a circumscribed area in the upper and mid reticular dermis with splaying of collagen fibers caused by amorphous deposits. The material was mucin, as it stained positively with alcian blue at pH 2.5. The thyroid profile was normal, and there was no evidence for lupus erythematous. The lesions were treated with electrofulguration and resolved leaving mild scars; there has been no recurrence at follow-up after one year. We also review the literature on this rare form of mucinosis.

HighlightsProtein- but not lipid-stabilizing fixatives induce cell blebbing of spread cells.Asymmetric distribution of fixation-induced blebs coincides with that of PIP2.Fixation less readily induces blebbing on spread cells with elevated PIP2 levels.Fixation more readily induces blebbing on spread cells with lower PIP2 levels.Disruption of lipid rafts enhances fixation-induced blebbing of spread cells.