Community participation is an essential issue in heritage management. The international heritage organisation ICCROM published a guidance document discussing people-centred approaches to heritage management in 2015. Cultural heritage management is recommended to be carried out through a community participation process. Despite the growing literature on community participation in cultural heritage management, little research has been done on comparing Chinese to international approaches. Although in China several pilot projects have conducted effective community participation and achieved excellent outcomes. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing an overview that compares and discusses the similarities and differences between Chinese and international approaches. A systematic literature review of the state-of-the-art was conducted to explore these differences based on four themes: engaged communities, participatory methods, degrees of participation and steps taken within cultural heritage management. This review concludes both Chinese and international practices seek to collaborate with and empower local communities in their approaches, with Chinese pilot cases, such as Tianzifang in Shanghai. However, in general, Chinese cultural heritage management is government-led, in which community participation is happening to a minimal degree. China is encouraged to learn from international practices when developing contextualised management approaches, to better face the challenges of rapid urbanisation.

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Strong base ASP flooding technology can improve swept volume, displacement efficiency and oil recovery greatly. It shows encouring prospects for sustainable development of the maturing oilfield. So In this paper, with the help of data from coring wells and newly-drilled wells after ASP flooding, we has strengthened understanding of the reservoir.By using numerical simulation, carrying out lab core displacement test, microscopic oil displacement test, and using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopic detection and electrical logging curves of newly-drilled wells and so on, we have found out petrophysical changes in reservoirs after ASP, evaluated oil displacement efficiency of different locations, and systematically analyzed influcing factors on occurrence of displacement efficiency differences. The study results show that the oil displacing efficiency increased by 14.7% after strong alkali ASP flooding, and the thickness of heavy-water-flooded layer increasedby 26.0%. Chemical reactions and ion exchanges between ASP fluid, rock and clay minerals lead to changes of reservoir physical properties: Shale content increased; median grain diameter decreased; Permeability of intervals lowered and the wettability is converted to hydrophilicity. petrophysical changes of the reservoir is the main factor influencing oil displacement efficiency.The research result provides a guidance to explore potentialities of ASP flooding during the commercial popularization process and it is an important reference for further studies on enhancing oil recovery techniques after ASP flooding.

The major Au-quartz veins of the western Sierra Nevada foothills occur within pervasively metamorphosed, sheared, folded, and faulted rocks of widely varying rock types and ages. In the Alleghany district, diverse host-rock types of mineralized veins range from serpentinized peridotite to granite, with metamorphic grades ranging from blueschist to amphibolite (Figs. 1, 2). Geochronologic and geologic constraints indicate that the Sierran Au-bearing veins most likely formed after the peak of the regional pervasive deformation of the Nevadan (ca. 155 Ma) compressional event (Böhlke and Kistler, 1986). Dating of minerals associated with the ores by the Rb-Sr and K-Ar methods indicate that Au-bearing veins formed in the Sierra Nevada foothills during the interval of 108 to 144 Ma (Evans and Bowen, 1977; Kistler et al., 1983; Böhlke and Kistler, 1986). The mineralization evidently occurred during a period of active faulting, associated in part with major structural features such as the Melones fault zone (MFZ; Fig. 2). The veins formed from CO 2-bearing fluids