RESUMO:Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existe associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em escolares. Foram sujeitos deste estudo transversal 1.000 crianças e adolescentes, de sete a 17 anos de idade, de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. Analisou-se o nível socioeconômico, o perfil nutricional, a flexibilidade, a resistência abdominal e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR). Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SPSS v. 23.0, considerando um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados demonstraram que a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi superior no sexo masculino (RP: 1,05; p=0,025) e inferior entre os adolescentes (RP: 0,89; p<0,001). Por outro lado, escolares do sexo masculino apresentam prevalência 6% menor de baixos níveis de APCR (p=0,001). Adolescentes (RP: 1,07; p=0,005), estudantes da rede municipal (RP: 1,10; p=0,049) e da zona urbana (RP: 1,09; p=0,002) apresentam maior prevalência de baixos níveis de APCR. Concluiu-se que fatores sociodemográficos estão associados aos baixos níveis de aptidão física em escolares. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Adolescente; Aptidão física; Criança. SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ASSOCIATED TO PHYSICAL CAPACIT Y LEVEL RELATED TO SCHOOL CHILDREN´S HEALTH ABSTRACT:The association between socio-demographic and physical capacity levels related to school children´s health is investigated. Current transversal study comprised 1000 children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil. The socio-economic level, nutritional profile, flexibility, abdominal resistance and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were analyzed with statistical program SPSS v. 23.0, at significance level p<0.05. Results demonstrated that prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in males (PR: 1.05; p=0.025) and lower among adolescents (PR: 0.89; p<0.001). Moreover, male school children had a 6% prevalence lower than APCR low levels (p=0.001). Adolescents (PR: 1.07; p=0.005), school children in public schools (PR: 1.10; p=0.049) and students from the rural area (PR: 1.09; p=0.002) had a higher prevalence in APCR low levels. Socio-demographic factors are actually associated to low levels of physical capacity in school children.

Background: Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors is a sign of detrimental health.Tracking is a term used to describe a variable longitudinal stability across time. High tracking provides the chance to determine which cardiometabolic risk factors should be the target of early treatment and prevention efforts. The present study aims to analyze the tracking of cardiometabolic risk factors and clustered cardiometabolic risk score in children across a 3-year time span; and to verify the odds of staying at risk (measured by the clustered score) from baseline to follow-up. Methods: Longitudinal study that included 354 (155 boys) children, aged 7-12 years at baseline. A clustered score was calculated by summing the systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, and the TC/HDL-C ratio Z-scores divided by five. A second clustered score was calculated including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).Results: CRF and anthropometric parameters presented high tracking (r≥0.662), whereas the cardiometabolic parameters exhibited low-to-moderate tracking (0.100≤r≤0.571). The clustered scores' tracking was moderate (r≥0.508; r≥0.588 [CRF]). Participants in the higher risk groups at baseline presented 3.81 (95% CI: 2.40; 6.05) and 4.64 (95% CI: 2.85; 7.56), including CRF, times higher chance of remaining at risk three years later. Moreover, participants in the worst profile regarding CRF or anthropometrics at baseline presented at least 4.00 times higher chance of being at risk three years later. Conclusion: Participants with worst CRF and adiposity had an increased risk of presenting higher clustered risk after three years.

Fundamento: O aumento de hipertensão em crianças e adolescentes tem atraído a atenção da comunidade científica, especialmente por sua associação com a epidemia da obesidade. Objetivos: Descrever a incidência de hipertensão e sua relação com o perfil cardiometabólico e genético em crianças e adolescentes de uma cidade do sul do Brasil em um período de três anos. Métodos: Este estudo longitudinal acompanhou 469 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 7 e 17 anos (43,1% do sexo masculino), avaliados em dois momentos. Avaliamos pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), circunferência da cintura (CC), índice de massa corporal (IMC), porcentagem de gordura corporal (%GC), perfil lipídico, glicemia, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR), e polimorfismo rs9939609 (gene FTO) (fat mass and obesityassociated gene). A incidência cumulativa da hipertensão foi calculada, e realizada regressão logística multinominal. A diferença estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados: Após três anos, a incidência de hipertensão foi de 11,5%. Indivíduos com sobrepeso e indivíduos obesos apresentaram maior probabilidade de se tornarem indivíduos classificados como borderline para hipertensão (

Background The increased incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors has become a public health issue, especially in childhood and adolescence. Thus, early identification is essential to avoid or reduce future complications in adulthood. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a moderator in the association between neck circumference (NC) and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 2418 randomly selected children and adolescents (52.5% girls), aged 6 to 17 years old. Anthropometric measurements, such as NC and body mass index (BMI), and CRF was measured by the six-minute running/walking test, as well as cardiometabolic risk (systolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, and triglycerides), were assessed. Results For all age groups, NC showed a negative relationship with CRF. A significant interaction term was found for CRF x NC with cardiometabolic risk for children (6 to 9 years old), early adolescents (10 to 12 years old), and middle adolescents (13 to 17 years old). It was found that children who accomplished more than 1092.49 m in CRF test were protected against cardiometabolic risk when considering NC. In adolescents, protection against cardiometabolic risk was found when the CRF test was completed above 1424.14 m and 1471.87 m (early and middle stage, respectively). Conclusions CRF is inversely associated with NC and acts as a moderator in the relationship between NC and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Therefore, this detrimental health impact linked to fatness might be attenuated by improving CRF levels.

Objectives To compare cardiometabolic risk factors of Brazilian children and adolescents with international reference values. Cardiometabolic risk factors constitute the Metabolic Syndrome, whose evaluation is important to assess pediatric populations’ health and potential to experience metabolic disorders. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 2,250 randomly selected children and adolescents (55.6% girls), aged 6 to 17. Cardiometabolic parameters (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], systolic and diastolic blood pressures [SBP and DBP], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], TC:HDL-C ratio, triglycerides [TG], glucose and peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), and clustered risk scores were compared to international age- and sex-specific reference values. A clustered risk score was calculated by summing the WC, glucose, SBP, TG, and the TC:HDL-C ratio Z-scores divided by five. A second clustered was calculated including VO2peak (inverted) Z-score, but divided by six. Results The clustered risk score, considering the all ages sample, was better in the Brazilian boys (−0.20 [−0.41;0.01] and −0.18 [−0.37;0.01], including or not VO2peak, respectively) but not significantly, and worse in girls (0.24 [0.05;0.43] and 0.28 [0.11;0.44], including or not VO2peak, respectively) than the international reference. Additionally, Brazilian youth had a statistically better profile in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC:HDL-C ratio, and VO2peak (only girls) as well as a worse profile in BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, TG (only girls), and VO2peak (only boys). Conclusions The clustered cardiometabolic risk score (including or not VO2peak), considering the all ages sample, was better in the Brazilian boys, but not significantly, and worse in girls compared to the international reference.

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. RESUMOA dislipidemia, importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, está cada vez mais presente na infância e adolescência. Identificar os fatores associados é fundamental para elaboração de estratégias de saúde pública. Objetivo: verificar possível associação entre dislipidemia com variáveis sociodemográficas, atividades sedentárias e hábitos alimentares em escolares de um município do Sul do Brasil. Método: foram avaliados 1.243 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 563 do sexo masculino, da rede pública e privada, da zona urbana e rural do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Para avaliação de dislipidemia, considerou-se a presença de alteração em pelo menos um parâmetro do perfil lipídico (triglicerídeos, colesterol total e frações HDL e LDL). As variáveis sociodemográficas, as atividades sedentárias e os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados por questionário. O teste de corrida/caminhada de 9 minutos foi utilizado para avaliar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Resultados: a dislipidemia associa-se somente com variáveis sociodemográficas. Assim, a prevalência de dislipidemia é 9% maior na região centro (p=0,030) e em escolas da rede municipal (RP: 1,18; p=0,002) e estadual (RP: 1,11; p=0,023). Não foi observada relação com hábitos sedentários e ao pouco consumo de frutas/ verduras. Considerações finais: a identificação das variáveis associadas com a dislipidemia pode auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias de saúde pública.Palavras-chave: Dislipidemias; Fatores de Risco; Estilo de Vida; Criança; Adolescente. ABSTRACT Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is increasingly present in chil-

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. RESUMOFatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares estão presentes na obesidade infanto-juvenil, como a dislipidemia e a hiperinsulinemia. Objetivo: verificar o perfil nutricional, glicêmico e lipídico em escolares, comparando os hemisférios norte, sul, leste e oeste da zona rural de Santa Cruz do Sul -RS. Método: estudo de caráter transversal, com 729 escolares da zona rural, com idades entre sete e 15 anos. Duas escolas apresentaram características rurais e três escolas característi-cas urbanas. Foi realizada coleta sanguínea para verificação do colesterol total (CT), colesterol HDL (HDL-c), colesterol LDL (LDL-c), triglicerídeos (TG) e glicose. Foi realizada a mensuração do peso e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o programa SPSS 20.0 e a comparação das variáveis categóricas por escola foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado, sendo o valor de p<0,05 considerado significante. Resultados: 27% dos escolares apresentaram sobrepeso e obesidade, 59,7%, 52,4%, 21,8% e 30,5% apresentaram LDL-c, CT, TG e glicose alterados, respectivamente, e 21% HDL-c diminuídos. Quanto ao comparativo entre escolas, houve diferença significativa entre as escolas em todas as variáveis bioquímicas para ambos os sexos. Considerações finais: os escolares apresentaram expressivas alterações bioquí-micas, principalmente nas escolas com características urbanas, resultado este que pode vir a colaborar para futuros problemas cardiovasculares. 7%, 52.4%, CT, TG and glucose, respectively, Regarding the comparison between schools, there was a significant difference between schools in all biochemical variables for both sexes. Closing remarks: schoolchildren presented significant biochemical changes, especially in Descritores

BackgroundLittle has been studied on heart rate and its relationship with metabolic disorders.ObjectiveTo identify possible association between heart rate (HR) and metabolic disorders in children and adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated 2.098 subjects, aged between 7 and 17 years. The variables evaluated were: HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), double-product (DP), myocardial oxygen consumption (mVO2), lipids, glucose and uric acid levels, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The values of HR at rest and effort were divided into quartiles. The association between continuous values of HR and cardiometabolic indicators was tested by linear regression.ResultsLDL cholesterol presented a significantly higher mean (p = 0.003) in schoolchildren with resting HR greater or equal to 91 bpm, compared to students with less than 75 bpm. Compared with the quartiles of effort HR, SBP, DBP, glucose and uric acid presented high values when HR was greater or equal than 185 bpm. SBP, glucose and HDL cholesterol demonstrated a significant association with resting HR. Uric acid was observed as a predictor of increased effort HR.ConclusionSchoolchildren with a higher resting HR have higher mean of LDL cholesterol. For effort HR, there was an increase in blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels. Uric acid has been shown to be a predictor of elevated effort HR.