The low prevalence of MetS and the low agreement among the existing criteria suggest the elaboration of new criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in the child and adolescent population. What is Known: • There are different criteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), without a consensus of which is the best to be used in the infant-juvenile population. What is New: • Low prevalence of MetS identified among schoolchildren and the low agreement among the existing criteria suggest the elaboration of new criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in the child and adolescent population.

Background Low levels of physical fitness are associated with metabolic disorders in adults. However, this relationship has been little explored in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between physical fitness related to health and the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren. Methods The sample for this cross-sectional study was composed of 1251 schoolchildren of both genders between 7 and 17 years of age. Three indicators of physical fitness related to health were evaluated: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility and abdominal resistance. The continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) was calculated by using the sum of the Z scores of the following indicators: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c) and triglycerides. Subsequently, the cMetS was dichotomized, considering the presence or absence of metabolic risk. The data were analyzed using prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using Poisson regression. Results A higher prevalence of metabolic risk was found among students with low levels of CRF (PR: 1.48; CI: 1.10–1.98) and abdominal resistance (PR: 1.45; CI: 1.08–1.95). No association with flexibility was found. Conclusions Low levels of CRF and abdominal resistance are associated with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren.

RESUMO:Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existe associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em escolares. Foram sujeitos deste estudo transversal 1.000 crianças e adolescentes, de sete a 17 anos de idade, de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. Analisou-se o nível socioeconômico, o perfil nutricional, a flexibilidade, a resistência abdominal e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR). Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SPSS v. 23.0, considerando um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados demonstraram que a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi superior no sexo masculino (RP: 1,05; p=0,025) e inferior entre os adolescentes (RP: 0,89; p<0,001). Por outro lado, escolares do sexo masculino apresentam prevalência 6% menor de baixos níveis de APCR (p=0,001). Adolescentes (RP: 1,07; p=0,005), estudantes da rede municipal (RP: 1,10; p=0,049) e da zona urbana (RP: 1,09; p=0,002) apresentam maior prevalência de baixos níveis de APCR. Concluiu-se que fatores sociodemográficos estão associados aos baixos níveis de aptidão física em escolares. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Adolescente; Aptidão física; Criança. SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ASSOCIATED TO PHYSICAL CAPACIT Y LEVEL RELATED TO SCHOOL CHILDREN´S HEALTH ABSTRACT:The association between socio-demographic and physical capacity levels related to school children´s health is investigated. Current transversal study comprised 1000 children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil. The socio-economic level, nutritional profile, flexibility, abdominal resistance and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were analyzed with statistical program SPSS v. 23.0, at significance level p<0.05. Results demonstrated that prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in males (PR: 1.05; p=0.025) and lower among adolescents (PR: 0.89; p<0.001). Moreover, male school children had a 6% prevalence lower than APCR low levels (p=0.001). Adolescents (PR: 1.07; p=0.005), school children in public schools (PR: 1.10; p=0.049) and students from the rural area (PR: 1.09; p=0.002) had a higher prevalence in APCR low levels. Socio-demographic factors are actually associated to low levels of physical capacity in school children.

Few studies show the potential changing effect of fat-mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 gene on cardiometabolic risk after a lifestyle intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether overweight and obese adolescents, carriers of the risk genotypes for obesity of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism, have different anthropometric and biochemical responses to an interdisciplinary intervention program. The quasi-experimental study involved 34 adolescents aged 10 to 15 years. Schoolchildren with AA/AT genotype decreased glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, there were no differences between the genotypes, suggesting that the “A” allele did not modify the subject's response to the intervention program.

Obesity and hypertension have become a public health problem worldwide and are now present in both children and adolescents. 1 Amongst adolescents, the higher levels of blood pressure (BP) is associated with sex, obesity, family history of hypertension, 2 and waist/height ratio. 3 These also tend to increase with age, body mass, height, and body mass index (BMI). 4 The prevalence of prehypertension amongst overweight individuals suggests the need for the early clinical detection of BP changes, as well as possible intervention in this condition, by making changes in lifestyle, particularly in body weight control. 5 The association between excess body mass and hypertension highlights the urgent need to implement strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease on a large scale, 6,7 continuously and over the long term. 8 In a survey of English schoolchildren, Ogunleye et al., 9 found that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) attenuates the association between BMI and BP levels; however, amongst obese students, this attenuation was

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ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren in an isolated and clustered manner. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1.200 schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. Screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated. The continuous metabolic risk score was calculated by summing the Z score of the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Results: Children (34.3%) and adolescents (48.2%) had high screen time, while 44.3% of the children and 53.3% of the adolescents were unfit in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness. Regarding the relation of screen time/cardiorespiratory fitness, 14.7% of the children and 26.9% of the adolescents presented high screen time and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. The presence of metabolic risk was shown in children (17.1%) and adolescents (14.7%). The presence of metabolic risk was directly associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents. When analyzed in clusters, the metabolic risk in children was 11% more prevalent in subjects with low screen time/unfit and 12% in subjects with high screen time/unfit, whereas in adolescents, the prevalence of metabolic risk was also higher in those with low screen time/unfit (8%) and high screen time/unfit (7%). Conclusions: The presence of metabolic risk in children and adolescents was associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of screen time, in an isolated or clustered manner.

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