This study aimed to produce microcapsules using ‘jabuticaba’ byproduct through lyophilization, and evaluate the stability of the powder, intended for use in gelatin. Three formulations were prepared, including the pure lyophilized extract (E), capsule with maltodextrin (CapM), and capsule with maltodextrin and xanthan gum (CapMG). The storage stability was evaluated at 4 and 25 ºC, and in the presence and absence of light, regarding color parameters, phenolic compounds and monomeric anthocyanins. The microencapsulated powders were applied in gelatin and analyzed for sensorial acceptance. Following an investigation of the storage stability of the three powders at 4 °C for 60 days, the sample that presented the best result was then analyzed at 25 ºC in the presence/absence of light. Microcapsules, independent of the encapsulant agent, exhibited lower values of degradation (2.82% phenolic compounds and 14.5% monomeric anthocyanins) than extract E when exposed to light and at 25 °C. Regarding color stability, CapMG showed smaller variations in the total color difference (ΔE) than the other samples. The lowest ΔE value corresponded to the gelatin sample with CapM, stored in the absence of light. It is possible to conclude that microencapsulation is an alternative for the preservation of ‘jabuticaba’ byproduct extracts, facilitating their use, retaining some compounds and protecting them against adverse conditions.
Blackberry is highly appreciated for the enjoyable color and flavor. About 20 % of the pomace is generated in its processing and often unused, presenting potential use by the food industry. Thus, the present study aimed to microencapsulate extracts of the blackberry pomace applying spray dryer process. Pure extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic solution) and the encapsulating agent (maltodextrin DE 10), in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w), were spray dried and analyzed for total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, phenolics, HPLC-DAD chromatography, instrumental color and scanning electron microscopy. Hydroalcoholic extraction was more efficient (1.5 times) for anthocyanins encapsulation than aqueous extraction. However, for phenolic compounds the highest efficiency (1.2 times) was in the aqueous solution. The majority bioactive compounds were gallic acid and cyanidin. Considering that water is a low cost and ecofriendly solvent, it is indicated this type of extraction to obtain microcapsules of blackberry pomace mainly for future applications by food industry.
The study aimed to microencapsulate jaboticaba byproduct extract by lyophilization, followed by the characterization, pH stability and food application of the prepared microcapsules. The products were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and the yield, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and bioactive compounds (high‐performance liquid chromatography) were determined. The major compounds found (in all samples) were cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, acids ellagic and gallic, and quercetin. The EE% was 80.0% and yield 67.2%. The capsules presented smooth surfaces and varied morphologies, such as broken glass of irregular sizes. The extracts revealed brighter and lighter‐colored solutions in low pH buffers, while microencapsulation protected the monomeric anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, particularly at pH 6.5. At 4 °C, maria‐mole desserts produced with the extract, showed a higher color variation (ΔE) than the product prepared with the microcapsules. Thus, microencapsulation may be an alternative to maintain the stability of the jaboticaba extract, as a way to reuse the agroindustrial byproduct.
Practical applications
The nutritional and functional properties of a vast biodiversity of plants (and their byproducts) have not yet been fully studied. Jaboticaba byproduct has great potential for economic exploitation and could be a valuable source of natural antioxidants, however, more studies of this byproduct, are required. Moreover, protecting the antioxidants during the fruit extraction process and storage, can improve the utilization and application of bioactives in food products. In this study, the extraction and microencapsulation of jaboticaba byproduct were realized. The results showed microencapsulation may be a feasible alternative to maintain the stability of the jaboticaba extract and provide a way to reuse the agroindustrial byproduct, as an ingredient in the food and, potentially, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Blueberry and raspberry pomace are a rich source of bioactive compounds that have not been commercially utilized yet, and ultrasound-assisted technology can efficiently extract these compounds. Also, the use of water as a solvent added to the ultrasound-assisted technology improves this eco-friendly process. Therefore, an aqueous eco-friendly extraction, including extraction time and ultrasound presence or absence (conventional extraction) was performed in order to extract bioactive compounds from blueberry and raspberry pomace. Response parameters included levels of anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Analysis of variance results indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction for 45 min. was feasible to extract the bioactive compounds. The antioxidant content of the extract obtained by the ultrasound-assisted process was 1.4 times higher on average and the total phenolic concentration was 1.6 times higher (for blueberry 5.02 and for raspberry 2.53 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) compared with those obtained by the conventional process. Thus, the ultrasound-assisted extraction method can be a profitable alternative to extract bioactive compounds from blueberry and raspberry pomace, as it is energy efficient, requires fewer chemicals, and produces less effluent. This eco-friendly technology is therefore viable for food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries, and also for reducing food waste.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a gestão da qualidade e suas ferramentas de forma a compreender sua aplicabilidade em indústrias alimentícias de origem animal. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi fundamentada na abordagem qualitativa com levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Scielo, Pubmed e Google Scholar por meio de concordância entre termos. Dentre as ferramentas disponíveis para as indústrias alimentícias de origem animal, os programas de autocontrole estabelecidos pela Circular n. 175, de 16 de maio de 2005 e a Norma Interna n. 01, de 08 de março de 2017, ambas do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), são procedimentos que atendem as condições de inocuidade e segurança alimentar exigidas pelas legislações, pois se baseiam em sistemáticas inspeções contínuas de todos os fatores que podem interferir de alguma forma na qualidade dos produtos expostos ao consumo da população. Dessa forma, a aplicação e compreensão da gestão da qualidade e de ferramentas como os programas de autocontrole alinham-se com os resultados apresentados, visto que os programas de autocontrole asseguram a condição de segurança alimentar por meio de sua implantação que é definida e controlada pelo sistema de gestão da qualidade, que garante que os elementos inspecionados serão identificados e controlados no processo, com isso, soma-se sua utilização refletida beneficamente, já que converge com as legislações preconizadas, traz validação, segurança e qualidade do produto, e consequentemente, atinge credibilidade ao competir com mercados externos e respaldo com o consumidor final.
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