Camu-camu bioactive compounds extraction by ecofriendly sequential processes (ultrasound assisted extraction and reverse osmosis)

Response surface optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from camu‐camu (Myrciaria dubia) seed coat based on chemical properties and bioactivity

“…Rodrigues et al. (2020) used a central composite design containing 11 assays in which extraction time (2.5 to 10 min), temperature (40 to 60 °C), and ultrasound amplitude (20 to 40%) and found TPC between 3,340 to 5,430 mg GAE/100 g in the water extract of whole camu‐camu fruit. These differences in mean values are associated to multiple factors: assay conditions used in each study, degree of ripeness of the fruit analyzed, terroir effect between cultivation locations and, obviously, distinct liquid‐to‐solid ratio, temperature, and agitation during extraction.…”

“…Rodrigues et al. (2020) found that camu‐camu fruit extracted either with maceration or ultrasound had antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH (65.5 and 126.8 mmol TE/g, respectively) and FRAP (222 and 285 mmol TE/g, respectively) methods. Water extract of jabuticaba ( Myrciaria cauliflora ) seed, also known as the Brazilian berry, have a TPC of 5,422 mg GAE/100 g and a CT of 126 mg CE/100 g. This extract also had antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH (4,232 mg AAE/100 g) and FCRC (5,817 mg GAE/100 g) (Fidelis, do Carmo et al., 2020).…”

Technical assessment of reverse osmosis for concentration of fresh tea leaf extract

“…In addition, the RO system is also low capital cost, easy to install, operate and maintain (Atab, Smallbone, & Roskilly, 2016). Due to these advantages, RO process has been applied for concentration many kinds of juices, such as: apple (Ahmad et al, 2020), pomegranate (Bagci, Kahvecioglu, Gulec, & Bagci, 2020), camu—camu (Rodrigues et al, 2020), Zhang, Fouda, Matsuura, & Chan, 1991 proved that concentration of green tea extract could be conducted by reverse osmosis membranes at bench scale. Thus, it is potential to apply RO process for concentration of waste fresh tea leaf.…”

The use of ultrasound in the South Cone region. Advances in organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods

“… [151] Phenolic compounds and soluble sugars Stem portion of peach palm UAE ES: water USB (Ultronique, model Q 5.9/40A, 5.9 L) 60 °C, 30 min and 8.47 mW cm − 3 Ultrasound power density promotes a greater effect of cavitation and vibration, causing the fragment of the cell wall, benefiting the dissolution and diffusion of these compounds [152] Total phenolic (TP) and vitamin C (VC) Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) UAE ES: water 50 g of solids in 200 mL of solvent, UP (750 W and 20 KHz, probe tip titanium 13 mm diameter, 5 s of pause and 5 s of pulse) 5 min, 60 °C and 30% amplitude Ultrasound enhances the process efficiency facilitating the transport of bioactive compounds and contributing to the reduction of extraction time. [153] Total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity (FRAP) Tangerines (C. reticulata) peel UAE ES: acidic electrolyzed water UP (400 W, 24 kHz).Titanium probe (maximum US intensity of 85 W/cm2) for 15 min 1:40 (sample:solvent ratio) – [154] Total phenolic (TP) compounds and antioxidant activity (AA) Olive leaves UAE ES: water 0.5 g of ground material in 25 mL of extraction solution USB (20 kHz) The amount of phenolic compounds extracted by ultrasound increased as a function of time by means of a two-stage mechanism “washing ” step and “slow extraction ” [155] Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities Umbu (Spondias tuberosa) UAE-SFE ES: SC-CO 2 and ethanol/water 5 g of sample and ethanol/water mixture as solvent. UP (500 W, 20 kHz and solid/solvent ratio of 1:30 w/v, g/mL) for 4 min.…”

“…Undoubtedly, the most explored topic throughout the South Cone region is the extraction of polyphenols assisted by ultrasound. Table 1 shows 29 works from Chile [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [146] , Uruguay [147] , [148] , Southern Brazil [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] and Argentina [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] reported during the last 10 years The most important aspects highlighted were that ultrasound helped and improved extraction procedures, reduced operational time, enhanced extraction yields and made it greener in comparison to traditional extraction methods, according to others publication [170] . Nevertheless, the use of ultrasound did not always improve the performance of an analytical procedure or showed an important benefit in an extraction process [140] , [160] , [171] , [172] , [173] .…”