Gadolinium-enhanced images and T2-weighted images are most helpful in the assessment of acute appendicitis in the pediatric population. These findings have led to protocol modifications that have reduced imaging time.
We assessed the prevalence of vertebral fractures as a marker for osteoporosis on lateral chest radiographs in inner-city, minority, postmenopausal women. We reviewed outpatient lateral chest radiographs on all women 55 years and older at an inner-city hospital during two randomly selected months, August 2000 and April 2002. There were 106 women with a mean age of 65 (range 55-89) years, 45 were Hispanic, 42 Black, 9 White, 10 of other ethnicity. Deformity was graded on a 0-3 scale with Grades 2 (moderate) and 3 (severe) deformities considered fractures. Interval lateral chest radiographs within 1-2 years were evaluated. Of the group 25% (26/106) had vertebral fractures. The fracture prevalence increased with age: 13% (17/54) of women under 65 years and 37% (19/52) of women 65 years and older had fractures ( P < 0.05). The fracture was described as part of the radiographic report in only 15% (4/26) of the women. Of the group 15% (16/106) had interval lateral chest radiographs. Among those with interval lateral chest radiographs, 19% (3/16) developed new fractures. In this series 29% (31/106) of women were scheduled for bone density studies, but the studies were only completed in 6% (6/106). Lateral chest radiographs showed that vertebral fractures occurred commonly, increased with age, and progressed on follow-up. In a population of underserved minority women, the lateral chest radiograph provides an opportunity to identify women with osteoporosis for possible treatment.
In the acute setting, CT offers high sensitivity and specificity for depicting osseous avulsions, as well as high negative predictive value for excluding ligament injury. However, MRI remains necessary for the preoperative detection of meniscal injury.
The symptomology of patients afflicted with novel 2019 coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has varied greatly, ranging from the asymptomatic state to debilitating hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by severe atypical viral pneumonia. Patients may also develop a hyper-inflammatory state that can lead to multi-organ failure. It has become increasingly apparent that, as part of the hyper-inflammatory state, COVID-19 infection increases susceptibility to systemic thromboembolic complications that can contribute to rapid clinical deterioration or demise. This article aims to review imaging features of various systemic thrombotic complications in six patients with moderate to severe disease. This case series includes examples of pulmonary embolism, stroke, right ventricular thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and aortic thrombosis with leg ischemia.
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