Today, a number of digital systems are described by an architecture consisting of a network of synchronous controllers and datapaths. These are battery-fed and may be implemented in VLSI technology and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array). Since the batteries must have long life, reduction of energy consumption is the most important task in the design of such systems. In order to reduce dissipated power, a number of strategies have been suggested in the literature for both controllers and datapaths. In this article we suggest an approach that applies a new strategy for the synthesis of the lowconsumption synchronous controllers. Our method synthesizes synchronous controllers that work at the two transition edges of clock signals, but only uses flip-flops that work at a single clock edge.
(1) Objective: To longitudinally assess food and beverages sold in vending machines in secondary schools (grades 9–12) participating in the COMPASS study (2015/2016 and 2018/2019) and (2) to examine if patterns and trends observed in previous years (2012/2013 to 2014/2015) are consistent with lack of policy compliance in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. (2) Methods: Policy compliance was assessed through comparing nutritional information on drink (e.g., sports drinks) and snack (e.g., chocolate bars) products in vending machines to Policy and Program Memorandum (P/PM) 150 in Ontario (required policy) and the Alberta Nutrition Guidelines for Children and Youth (recommended policy). Longitudinal results and descriptive statistics were calculated. (3) Results: Longitudinal results indicate that between Y4 (2015/2016) and Y7 (2018/2019), snack and drink vending machines remained mostly non-compliant in Ontario and Alberta, with a small proportion of Ontario drink machines changing from non-compliant to compliant. At the school level, descriptive results indicate the proportion of Ontario schools with policy-compliant snack and drink machines decreased between Y4 and Y7. Alberta schools were non-compliant for drink and snack machines. (4) Conclusions: Secondary schools continue to be non-compliant with provincial policies. School nutrition policies need to be simplified in order to make it easier for schools to be compliant. Enforcement of compliancy is also an area that deserves consideration.
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