HMGB1 and CRP behaved differently in regards to their kinetic patterns, with HMGB1 appearing to better reflect the severity of tissue injury in dogs with GDV than CRP.

Reference intervals for traditionally- and Stewart's approach-determined acid-base parameters were established for venous and arterial blood in dogs.

ABSTRACT:The aim of this internet-based questionnaire was to determine risk factors for the development and survival of gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs in central Europe. The questionnaire focused on general information, feeding and elimination behaviour, family history, personality and routine habits, was freely distributed on the internet. Respondents were recruited by e-mail, and announcement of the survey on websites focused on dogs or breeder clubs and flyers in veterinary clinics and at dog shows. Responses from the owners of 785 dogs were analysed. Data underwent descriptive statistical and logistic regression analysis. Factors associated with an increased risk of GDV are intact male, specific breed, pet food and first-degree relative with gastric-dilatation and volvulus. In contrast, low risk was observed in spayed females, dogs eating meals with large particles, dogs with frequent defecation or in dogs kept at home. Non-survivors had a significantly longer time between food consumption and the development of clinical signs than survivors. We conclude that the risk of GDV development is associated with several factors. Some of these can be influenced by the owner or veterinarian.

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Gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome is associated with changes in haemostatic profiles. The aims of this study were to compare selected haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters between healthy dogs and dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, estimate the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and determine the most sensitive test for detection of DIC in these patients. Blood was collected from 22 dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, and nine healthy control dogs. Platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentrations and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were measured in all control dogs and patients with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, before and after surgery. Significant differences between control dogs and patients were seen in activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products before surgery and all measured parameters after surgery. The incidence of DIC was 59%. The most sensitive tests for detection of DIC before surgery were those for activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products.Keywords: bleeding disorders; canine; coagulopathy; fibrin degradation products; haemostasis List of abbreviations aPTT = activated partial tromboplastin time, AT =antithrombin, DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation, FBG = fibrinogen, FDP = fibrin degradation products, GDV = gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, PT = prothrombin time, SIRS = systemic inflammatory response syndrome

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to determine total antioxidant capacity in dogs with gastric dilatationvolvulus syndrome (GDV) and its correlations with high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and lactate concentrations. Correlation analyses between the measured parameters and disease severity were also performed. Fourteen dogs with GDV and six control dogs were used in this study. Blood was collected at the time of admission and again in the early reperfusion period. To assess antioxidant capacity, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) analysis was performed. No significant difference in TRAP values existed between healthy dogs and dogs with GDV at admission. In the reperfusion period, TRAP values decreased in six dogs and increased in eight dogs. Changes in TRAP values strongly correlated with HMGB1 values (r = −0.83, P < 0.01) in the reperfusion period. Strong correlations between disease severity and TRAP values, HMGB1 and lactate levels were also found.

The aim of the study was to investigate changes in erythrocyte osmotic resistance in relation to haematological and histological changes in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Osmotic fragility tests with complete blood counts and liver histological examinations were performed in 12 dogs with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt confirmed by surgical exploration. Laboratory results were compared with those from 30 healthy dogs. Dogs with portosystemic shunt had a significantly increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance (P < 0.01) with 5%, 50% and 90% haemolysis corresponding to 0.45%, 0.35% and 0.30% NaCl solution, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed no correlation between haematological indicators and the osmotic fragility test results. Increased osmotic resistance was significantly associated with hepatic lipogranulomas. Based on these results, dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt have a significantly increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance suggesting impaired red blood cell deformability. Osmotic resistance test that until now was not studied in canine hepatopathies seems to be independent of routinely performed haematological tests. Portosystemic vascular anomaly, osmotic fragility, liver biopsy, caninePortosystemic shunt (PSS) is the most common vascular anomaly in dogs. Persistent communication in single PSS allows blood to bypass the liver and be delivered directly from the portal bloodstream into systemic circulation. All laboratory abnormalities are related to secondary metabolic changes due to progressive liver atrophy (Mathews and Bunch 2005).In human medicine, chronic liver diseases are associated with increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance (OR) due to accumulation of membrane cholesterol as a result of impaired lipid metabolism. This change in membrane composition with an increased surface area to volume ratio morphologically corresponding to target cells, has a direct effect on red blood cell deformability (Vassiliadis et al. 2010). Target cells are commonly also seen in dogs with chronic liver disorders, but the alterations in erythrocyte OR in hepatopathies have not been described, yet. A similar tendency for increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance in a portosystemic shunt could suggest a similar pathogenesis to impaired erythrocyte deformability in humans with chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnostics of hepatic disorders.The aim of this study was to investigate changes in erythrocyte osmotic resistance in dogs with a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and to determine associations with alterations in the haematology profile and liver histopathological findings.

Objective and Case Summary This case report describes a 5-year-old domestic short-haired cat that was orally administered with 4 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide by the owner after suspecting ingestion of a foreign body by the cat. Shortly after the administration, the cat developed severe respiratory distress. Thoracic radiography showed an interstitial-to-alveolar pulmonary pattern, while echocardiography and heart injury markers ruled out a cardiac origin. Intensive management with oxygen, diuretics, bronchodilators, and sedation resulted in survival of the cat without further respiratory complications. New and Unique Information Provided To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a lung injury and acute respiratory failure after administration of hydrogen peroxide in a cat with successful management.