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Grapevine rootstock cultivar 'Börner' is a hybrid of Vitis riparia and Vitis cinerea Arnold that shows high resistance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). To localize the determinants of phylloxera root resistance, the susceptible grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera 'Schiava grossa' x 'Riesling') was crossed to 'Börner'. Genetic framework maps were built from the progeny. 235 microsatellite markers were placed on the integrated parental map. They cover 1,155.98 cM on 19 linkage groups with an average marker distance of 4.8 cM. Phylloxera resistance was scored by counting nodosities after inoculation of the root system. Progeny plants were triplicated and experimentally infected in 2 years. A scan of the genetic maps indicated a quantitative trait locus on linkage group 13. This region was targeted by six microsatellite-type markers newly developed from the V. vinifera model genome sequence. Two of these appear closely linked to the trait, and can be useful for marker-assisted breeding.

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A produção de uvas no Brasil está localizada nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste. Constitui-se em atividade consolidada, com importância socioeconômica, principalmente nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, os quais respondem por 97% da produção nacional de vinhos. A uva Isabel é uma das principais cultivares de Vitis labrusca, e a Niágara Rosada, resultado da mutação somática ocorrida na uva Niágara Branca (Vitis labrusca L. x Vitis vinifera L.). São destaques como uvas de mesa comuns, sendo variedades rústicas e, portanto, menos exigentes. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi feito com o objetivo de determinar conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos, utilizando acetona como solvente em diferentes concentrações, a determinação da atividade antioxidante, do teor de antocianinas totais, flavanóis nos extratos da casca das uvas de mesa Niágara Rosada e Isabel. Os resultados médios do teor de fenólicos totais no extrato acetona 75% foi de 1.026,69 a 1.242,78 mg GAE/100g de peso seco nas cultivares Isabel e Niágara , respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante avaliada apresentou valores de 89,22 e 157,31 µmol TEAC/g de amostra com o método ABTS e de 197,00 e 189,82 µmol TEAC/g de amostra no método DPPH para as cultivares Isabel e Niágara. A quantidade de antocianinas foi baixa comparada com outros frutos. Os valores de polifenóis refletem-se nos valores de TEAC, e observa-se uma correlação positiva entre a média do conteúdo de polifenóis totais com a média dos valores TEAC, o que se pode atribuir aos compostos fitoquímicos presentes nas cascas.

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The reduction of pesticide usage is a current imperative and the implementation of sustainable viticulture is an urgent necessity. A potential solution, which is being increasingly adopted, is offered by the use of grapevine cultivars resistant to its main pathogenic threats. This, however, has contributed to changes in defense strategies resulting in the occurrence of secondary diseases, which were previously controlled. Concomitantly, the ongoing climate crisis is contributing to destabilizing the increasingly dynamic viticultural context. In this review, we explore the available knowledge on three Ascomycetes which are considered emergent and causal agents of powdery mildew, black rot and anthracnose. We also aim to provide a survey on methods for phenotyping disease symptoms in fields, greenhouse and lab conditions, and for disease control underlying the insurgence of pathogen resistance to fungicide. Thus, we discuss fungal genetic variability, highlighting the usage and development of molecular markers and barcoding, coupled with genome sequencing. Moreover, we extensively report on the current knowledge available on grapevine-ascomycete interactions, as well as the mechanisms developed by the host to counteract the attack. Indeed, to better understand these resistance mechanisms, it is relevant to identify pathogen effectors which are involved in the infection process and how grapevine resistance genes function and impact the downstream cascade. Dealing with such a wealth of information on both pathogens and the host, the horizon is now represented by multidisciplinary approaches, combining traditional and innovative methods of cultivation. This will support the translation from theory to practice, in an attempt to understand biology very deeply and manage the spread of these Ascomycetes.