Introduction Addiction to the Internet and mobile phones in adolescents could be related to loneliness. However, less research has been conducted on this topic in developing countries. This study aimed to examine addiction to the Internet and mobile phones and its relationship with loneliness in adolescents in Iran. Method This was a cross-sectional and analytic study that was conducted between 2015 and 2016 in Rasht, in the north of Iran. Subjects were selected through cluster sampling from female and male teens who were studying in the public and private schools. The Kimberly’s Internet Addiction Test, Cell phone Overuse Scale (COS), and the University of California , Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale were used for data collection. Results The mean age of participants was 16.2 ± 1.1 year. The mean of addiction to the Internet was 42.2 ± 18.2. Overall, 46.3% of the subjects reported some degrees of addiction to the Internet. The mean of addiction to mobile phones was 55.10 ± 19.86. The results of this study showed that 77.6% (n = 451) of the subjects were at risk for addiction to mobile phones, and 17.7% (n = 103) of them were addicted to their use. The mean of loneliness was 39.13 ± 11.46 in the adolescents. Overall, 16.9% of the subjects obtained a score higher than mean in loneliness. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between addiction to the Internet and loneliness in the adolescents (r = 0.199, p = 0.0001). The results also showed a statistically significant direct relationship between addiction to mobile phones and loneliness in the adolescents (r = 0.172, p = 0.0001). Conclusion The results of this study revealed that a high percentage of adolescents who have some degrees of addiction to the Internet and mobile phones experience loneliness, and there are relationships between these variables.

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a set of undesirable physical and psychological conditions whose symptoms appear when entering the building and disappear after leaving it. The most well-known symptoms of SBS include problems of nervous and respiratory systems and skin. Since nurses spend many hours in the hospital and enclosed spaces, they are exposed to many factors related to the SBS, which can affect their health and the quality of patient care. Objective: This study aimed to investigate SBS and its related factors in nurses working in special care units of hospitals. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in 2016 on 144 working nurses of special care units at educational and treatment centers in Rasht City, Iran. They were randomly selected proportional to the number of nurses working in each special care unit. For evaluating SBS symptoms and indoor air quality, the "Miljömedicin 040 Questionnaire" (English version A) was used. The collected data from the questionnaire were analyzed using the Chi-squared and Independent t-tests. Results: About 47.2% of nurses complained of SBS. The most common symptoms of this syndrome were headache, fatigue, heavy-headed feeling, concentration difficulty, and nausea/dizziness. According to the Chi-squared test results, there was a significant correlation between SBS and variables of air movement, fluctuating room temperature, stuffy bad air, dry air, too much light, light reflection, dust and dirt in the workplace, and contact with static electricity (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of SBS among (nearly half of) the study nurses and it has a relationship with factors such as air movement, fluctuating room temperature, stuffy bad air, dry air, too much light, light reflection, dust and dirt in the workplace, and contact with static electricity. It is recommended that workplace cleanliness, the ventilation system quality, and standard lighting level in special care units be improved. Also, it is very important the nurses working in special care units know the factors associated with SBS.

Introduction: The world's elderly population is increasing; along with this growth, their health problems gain importance. Meanwhile, healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the incidence of health problems and their consequences. It can enhance recovery, deal with life stressors and improve the quality of life. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the lifestyle of elderly people and factors related to it in individuals who were referred to the pension fund in Rasht city. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 384 members of the pension fund in Rasht city participated. The data collection tools included the demographic questionnaire, the lifestyle questionnaire, including 5 domains of lifestyle and the medical outcomes study-social support survey (MOS-SSS). Data was collected through interviews and then analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and regression model. Results: As many as 65.6% of the sample was men and 34.4% women in the age group of 60-65 years. The mean score of lifestyle was 123.82. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between the lifestyle of elderly people and the absence of chronic illnesses (p=0.022), education level (p=0.006) and housing status (p=0.022). Regression analysis showed that housing, income and social support conditions are factors associated with lifestyle (R² = 0.15, p=0.0001). Conclusion: It was found that the level of education and social support is among the effective factors influencing lifestyle of elderly people. As the lifestyle of most individuals was at a moderate level, it is necessary to conduct training programs of healthy lifestyle for the elderly seriously.

Introduction: Study on quality of life and acceptance of the illness plays a significant role in the health of pregnant women, especially pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the acceptance of illness and quality of life in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 150 mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus referred to Al-Zahra Hospital of Rasht, Iran, using available sampling method. Data were collected by a demographic information checklist and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) in two dimensions, physical and mental health. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software and using chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Mantel-Haenszel tests. Results: Among the mothers, 37.3% accepted the illness and 62.7% did not. There was a Baneh et al.; JPRI, 25(5): 1-10, 2018; Article no.JPRI.46548 2 significant relationship between the quality of life status or score and the gestational age (p = 0.019), surgical history (p = 0.005), number of operations (p = 0.002) and previous history of diabetes in previous pregnancies (p = 0.037). However, with the control of individual and social variables, Mantel-Haenszel test did not show significant relationship between acceptance of illness and the quality of life of the mothers. On the other hand, the relationship between acceptance of illness and quality of life was not significant, based on χ2 test. Conclusion: It is suggested that training classes be held before and during pregnancy for mothers at the reproductive age so that they have the readiness and knowledge to deal with the disease properly. Original Research Article

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Background and aims: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the most common cause of mortality in children under five years of age in Iran. Its treatment and care costs a lot and if left untreated, can cause irreversible side effects. Identifying predictive factors are essential for proper prevention. This study aims to determine the personal, familial and social characteristics of infants with ARI.Methods: This descriptive study included 375 infants up to 12 months of age which covered 0.7% of all infants in Rasht, Iran who were chosen by simple sampling. Parents were asked about their infants regarding ARI in past two weeks and finally 149 ill infants and 220 well children were assessed. The data collection tool included a self-made questionnaire and data were analyzed using Chisquare and Logit by soft ware SPSS10.Results: A significant relationship between ARI and personal characteristics such as age, rank of children , familial characteristics, mothers under 25 years of age , parents education , mean monthly income , residential housing , parents smoking more than 10 cigarettes daily , house resident with ARI , and social characteristics like sibling in school or day care center, no medical insurance and living in houses < 70 m2 with >4 family members was indicated. Conclusions:To decrease ARI in infants, exposure to others must be limited in second six months of life, no more than four people in the house, satisfactory economic condition, educated parents, healthy smoking, knowledge of ARI transmission, and proper housing are suggested. 48 RANDOMIZED TRIAL (RCT) ON MILKING OF THE CORD VERSUS SLIGHT DELAY OF CORD CLAMPING IN PRETERMS (VLBW): EFFECTS

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Background & aims: Integrated well child care program is one of the most important changes in children growth monitoring. This program enables the health workers to visit children and their families routinely and provides a standard system of well children screening. The aim of study was to determine health risk factors of children under eight years old. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which obtained data from 1874 children´s health records. Samples were chosen through cluster sampling which included eight health centers in Rasht ,Iran. Health risk factors assessed included :potential bacterial infection , icter, malnutrition or severe low weight, dysfunctional weight growth, severe low height, dysfunctional height growth, abnormal and unsatisfactory head circumference, nutritional problems, dental problems, developmental problems, incomplete vaccination, incomplete use of complements and abnormal laboratory tests. Also demographic characteristics such as sex, birth weight and age of at health care received were assessed. Results: The most common health risk factors respectively included: weight growth problems 56.8%, nutritional problems 22.3% and unsatisfactory head circumference 10.4%. There was a significant relationship between dysfunctional weight growth, nutritional problems, unsatisfactory head circumference and birth weight , age of health care received. Conclusion: Dysfunctional weight growth makes up for more than half of health risk factors. The most of weight growth problems were seen at age of seventh month (94.2%) that may be related to beginning of beikost. Integrated well child care program well identified health risk factors in children under 8 years old.