Background:Internet is one of the technologies of the modern era that is being extensively used around the world. It is believed that excessive Internet use can be pathological and addictive. Though, academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, students are one of the groups at risk of Internet addiction. Objectives: Due to the expanding use of Internet among the university students, this study was conducted to examine the Internet addiction and its predictors among Guilan University of Medical Sciences students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 583 students during the first semester of 2012. A two-stage stratified random sampling was conducted and a two-part instrument was used for data collection. The first part of the instrument was consisted of questions about demographic characteristics and the second part was the Young's Internet addiction inventory. Chisquare, Kruskal-Wallis testes, Spearman correlation coefficient and ranked logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: About 5.7% of the students were moderately dependent to the Internet, while 44.1% were at risk for Internet addiction. Significant relationships were observed between the Internet addiction with age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), major (P = 0.016), Grade point average (P = 0.017), semester of studying (P = 0.009) and student residence place (P = 0.014). However, no significant relationship was observed between the internet addiction score and level of discipline, parental job status and education level or the students' accommodation. Conclusion: About half of the participants in this study were at risk of Internet addiction. This finding can be a warning sign for the authorities in universities to pay more attention to this issue. A wide range of education along with empowering programs may be needed to inform the university students about the advantages and disadvantages of internet and the correct manner of using it.

Nutritional problems are one of the most important health issues among schoolaged children, and modification of the nutritional status in children is as well important.Objective: Present study aims to determine the effectiveness of child to child teaching approach as compared to educator to child teaching approach on promotion of nutritional status of elementary school students in Rasht city in 2014-15. Materials and Methods:This is an educational trial study. Samples were chosen by randomcluster sampling model through which 452 students aging 9-11 years were selected from third, fourth and fifth grades from elementary schools of different districts of Rasht. Tools consisted of demographic questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (checklist) with 54 items on snacks. From 452 students, 188 students with unfavorable frequency were divided into three groups; 62 students in child-to-child group, 68 students in health educator-to-child group and 58 students in control group. An educational package (including pamphlets, booklets and posters) was taught by researcher on food pyramid, healthy and unhealthy snacks using role play and fruit festival conducted in three sessions each lasting 30 minutes for three level elementary students and health educators. Of course the control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi Square, Mann Whiteny ans Kruskal Wallis tests.Results: The differences of mean in score changes before and after education in child to child group was more effective than educator to child teaching group (P=0.001). Based on food frequency score obtained on nutritional status after teaching, the health educator to child group performed better than other groups (P=0.014). Conclusion:Study findings indicated that child to child teaching was close to the performance of health educators in relation to promotion of nutritional status and favorable food frequency. Therefore in attention to potential ability of children in teaching, they can improve school health programs along with educator to child teaching approach.

Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's development and growth. Various factors can affect mothers' breastfeeding behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding status of up to 2 years of age babies and its associated factors based on Behaviors, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 270 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months, referring to the comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran. The samples were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A 6-part questionnaire was used for collecting data assessing the BASNEF model constructs of behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors, as well as the demographic information of study participants. Chisquared test, Fisher's Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward method) were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of breastfeeding was 56.3%, and 61.5% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding. In terms of breastfeeding knowledge, 25.6%, 50%, and 24.4% were at good, moderate, and poor levels, respectively. Regarding attitude towards breastfeeding, 61.9% and 38.1% had undesirable and desirable attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, 50.7% of the infants had favorable breastfeeding and 49.3% had unfavorable breastfeeding. The rate of favorable breastfeeding was significant in terms of infant age (P=0.03) and the pregnancy care location (P<0.05). Regression model suggested that infant's age (OR=1.582, 95%CI= 1.133-2.207, P=0.007), family income (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.489-0.865, P=0.003), and breastfeeding knowledge (OR=1.3, 95%CI= 1.101-1.428, P=0.001) contributed to breastfeeding status. Conclusion: Raising the mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding by considering the role of husbands, health workers, and grandmothers could help in choosing breast milk for feeding infants aged under 2 years old.