Background: Health maintenance and promotion are the fundamental prerequisites to community development. The best time for establishing healthy lifestyle habits is during adolescence. Objectives: Due to importance of health promotion behaviors in adolescents, this study was conducted to investigate healthpromoting behaviors and its associated factors among high school students in Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 424 students during the first semester of the year 2012. We employed the multistage sampling design to recruit from private and public high schools in Rasht, Iran. The data collection instrument was a self-report questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part of instrument was consisted of demographic questionnaire and the second part was adolescent health promotion scale (AHPS) questionnaire. AHPS questionnaire was consisted of six dimensions (nutrition, social support, health responsibility, life appreciation, physical activity, and stress management) to measure health promoting lifestyles. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software employing ANOVA (analysis of variance) test, t-test, Mann-Whitney, and the Kruskal-Wallis. Results: The score of total Adolescent Health Promotion Scale were 3.58 ± 0.52 (possible range was 1-5). The highest score was in life appreciation dimension (3.99 ± 0.068) and the lowest score was in health responsibility dimension. Moreover, Significant associations were found between the adolescent health promotion Scale with age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.003), school grade (P < 0.011), father's educational level (P < 0.045), mother's educational level (P < 0.021), and mother's occupation (P < 0.008). Conclusions: Female and older students are at higher risk of developing unhealthy lifestyle. Consequently, healthcare providers, health instructors, schoolteachers, and families must pay more attention to these students. Moreover, as most of lifelong healthy and unhealthy lifestyle habits are established during adolescence, developing effective health promotion and disease prevention strategies for adolescents seems crucial.
Introduction: Health promoting lifestyle is one of the determinants of health. University years are important phase of life when one can develop health promoting lifestyle. Given the high cost of healthcare there is need of shift from a treatment based approach to a preventive
Introduction: Fever is one of the most concerning issues in public health, which occurs fairly frequently and is a precursor for the occurrence of seizure in childhood between ages of 6 months to 6 year children. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the effect of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) in mothers about preventive behaviors regarding febrile convulsion in children. Methods:This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial in which 200 mothers (were divided to intervention (case) and control groups randomly) with children 6 months to 3 years referring to health centers in Rezvanshahr participated. The data collection instruments is a questionnaire developed based on HBM. This survey included questions on knowledge, aspects of health belief model, and performance. After needs analysis that was done in the pretest, the educational program was designed and implemented in the experimental condition based on the aspects of the model. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic variables (P>0.05). The average knowledge score, aspects of the model, and performance increased significantly in the case group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that the design and implementation of an educational program based on HBM and based on the predictive beliefs and culture and education of the mothers was effective in preventing febrile convulsion.
Background: Elderly people are more susceptible to common chronic diseases based on their age-related physiological changes and also use drugs more commonly, than younger people. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of drug use and related factors in elderly people who referred to the retirement centers covered by the national retirement fund in Rasht. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 381 consecutive randomly selected elderly people in Rasht during 2017. Data was collected using a questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, common chronic diseases, pattern of drug use, and medication adherence by face-to-face interviewing at the centers covered by the retirement fund. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Of 381 people, 88.5% took drugs. The average number of drugs used and the self-medication frequency were 3.95 per day, and 35.7%, respectively. The most common causes of self-medication included previous use of the same drug and symptom recovery. The most commonly used drug group among the research groups included lipid-lowering agents (48.8%). Atorvastatin, Aspirin, and Losartan were the most commonly used drugs in the elderly that most of subjects (53.4%) had medium medication adherence. Conclusions: Since the elderly suffer from multiple diseases simultaneously, they often use several drugs. Therefore, selfmedication and also medication adherence are the most important issues in this period. Educational interventions on the proper pattern of drug use among older people seem to be necessary.
Adolescence is one of the most important periods of human development. Nutrition plays an important role in health and prevention of disease during this period. Food advertising influences food purchase and food consumption among children and adolescents. Most of these advertisements are about the foods high in fat, salt and sugar. High exposure to these kinds of advertisements increases the tendency towards consuming junk foods in adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the junk food consumption by the exposure to junk food advertisements among high school students. Materials and Methods: this analytical study with cross-sectional design, 341 students from public high schools in Rasht, north ofIran were selected by cluster random sampling method. Data were collected by a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was a self-report designed by the researcher which had two parts adapted from similar studies. The first part records demographic characteristics of students, and the second part assess the source and frequency of exposure to fast food/junk food advertisement and the frequency of fast food/junk food Consumption Data Analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Most of the subjects (52.2%) were female and in the 11 th grade (37.2%). In terms of the frequency of exposure to junk food advertisement, 37.2%, 33. 4% and 15.3% of subjects reported "from time to time", "quite often" and "very often", respectively. Regarding the source of exposure tojunk food advertisement, 51.9% were exposed to more than one advertising source. The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed a significant difference in junk food consumption frequency based on the frequency of exposure to food advertisement (P=0.0001). Conclusion: High exposure to junk food advertisement can be associated with high consumption of junk foods and subsequently having chronic diseases in adulthood. Therefore, it is necessary to control the food advertising and provide a legal framework for supervising it.
Background & Aims: Collaboration of health care team in clinical dicision making is a key factor to provide safe and efficient care. Since nurses have the most continous contact with patients, they could have great influences on diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The aim of this study was to determine nurses' collaboration in clinical decision-makings and its related factors. Material & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing staff of educational hospitals of Rasht-Iran. A total of 193 nurses were selected by stratified random sampling. Data was collected by Decision-making Activities Questionnaire (PDAQ) and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics including pearson corrolation test, Independent T test, One-way ANOVA and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) using SPSS-PC (v. 16). Results: The mean score of nurses' collaboration in clinical decision-makings in all three dimentions (clarifying the problem, suggesting and evalutiong possible methos and selecting from one of suggested ways) was more than 50. Moreover, the findings revealed that the participation score of those with master degree, intersted in continuing their job at current ward, worked in intensive care units or in morning shifts have been significantly higher than other nurses (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between nurses' decision-making scores, their age and work experinces (P<0.05). Level of education, and present job experiance had the most positive effect, and high job experince and having no responsibility in working place had the most negative effect on nurses' level of clinical participation(P=0.00). Conclusion: Regarding the importance of nurses' collaboration in decision making and the influence of higher leveles of education and working in ICU, providing appropriate context for more participation of nurses in decision making processes is suggested.
Background: Junk food consumption is an unhealthy adolescent nutritional habit that is affected by family structure, peer groups, and socioeconomic status. The present study was conducted to determine the association between junk food consumption and personal, familial, and social characteristics considering high school students in Rasht, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 students in their second year of high school in Rasht, Iran in 2017. They were selected using a two-stage cluster random sampling. Data was collected using a checklist. Data was analyzed in SPSS 16 using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Sweet snacks were consumed the most (27.3%). Frequency of junk food consumption was significantly higher in students whose fathers had a university degree (P=0.037) and those with monthly family income of more than 2 million Rials. (P=0.004). Conclusions: The results indicate that students whose fathers have a higher education and income level have more tendencies toward junk food consumption; hence, it is worth considering the relevant factors in order to improve the adolescents' health.
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