As a health problem, obesity has several risk factors; it has been suggested that human adenovirus type 36 (HAdV-36) infections may possibly be associated with obesity. This updated meta-analysis was designed and conducted with an emphasis on articles published from 2015 to 2020. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to 1 December 2020. Overall, pooled prevalence and odds ratio of antibodies against HAdV-36 in people with obesity and controls was assessed among different ages. Case-control and cohort studies were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of HAdV-36 infection in obese population was 31% (CI: 0.24%-0.38%) which was 32% in cases and 27% in controls, respectively; a significant association was found between the cases and the controls (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.39-2.43), especially in children younger than 18 years of age (OR, 2.44; 95% CI,. A significant association between adenovirus infection and obesity was found, especially in adolescents. K E Y W O R D Shuman adenovirus type 36, meta-analysis, obesity | INTRODUCTIONObesity is a multifactorial and complicated problem that has a devastating impact on health. 1 Many research studies have shown that obesity caused a higher chance of hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension and decreased life expectancy. [2][3][4][5] There are several different interpretations for obesity but generally defined by the presence of excess body fat

Toxocara canis (T canis) is the commonest round worm of dogs, and its third-stage larvae are regarded as a possible cause of toxocariasis. Transmission to humans is usually through accidental ingestion of Toxocara embryonated eggs or infective larvae in uncooked meat or viscera of paratenic hosts. 1,2 Toxocara canis larvae are capable of invading multiple human tissues or organs and causing different forms of diseases including visceral larva migrans (VLM), ocular larva migrans (OLM), neurotoxocariasis (NT) and/or covert toxocariasis (CT). 3,4 Helminthic diseases and the parallel host immune reactions are the results of a protracted dynamic interaction between the host and worms. Unlike other infectious diseases, most helminths do not reproduce in the mammalian host. Regarding the long-term survival in the host, the parasites' ability to cause an ineffective immune response together with the multicellular nature of helminths could justify the special immune response against parasites. 5

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