Resumo Este trabalho analisa a influência de grandes empresas de autopeças na introdução de práticas dePalavras-chave: pequenas empresas fornecedoras, relações entre empresas, redes, gestão da produção.

In this study, we investigate misinformation and disinformation (M&D) about vaccines using a case study approach to understand how M&D about vaccines circulate on YouTube in Portuguese, and who are the channels creating and disseminating this kind of content. The World Health Organization considered vaccine hesitation as one of the greatest threats to global health in 2019. Researchers associated this hesitation to a strengthening of the anti-vaccination movements, suggesting that social media is currently the main spreader of this position. YouTube increasingly becomes a matter of concern, since its recommendation system is identified as a promoter of misinformation and extreme content. Despite YouTube's statements, M&D about vaccines continue to be disseminated in videos in Portuguese, reaching a large audience. We found 52 videos containing M&D about vaccines. The main M&D were the claim of dangerous ingredients in vaccines, the defense of self-direction-freedom of choice, independent research-, the promotion of alternative health services, the myth that vaccines cause diseases, conspiracy theories, and the allegation of vaccine's severe collateral effects. We identified 39 brands advertising on 13 videos of our M&D sample. Although the YouTube Partner Program is an important source of income, the channels use different economic strategies, such as the selling of courses, and therapies and the use of fundraising platforms. We also found that alternative health channels spread distrust about traditional institutions to promote themselves as trusted sources for the audience and thereby profit with alternative health services.

Based on field research in 2005 in the Basque area of Spain, this article discusses the experience of the Mondragõn Corporación Cooperativa—MCC. This network of cooperatives began 50 years ago in the Basque area and has been based on self‐managed cooperatives, education, and technological innovation. Both internal and external solidarity and the daily practice of democracy have been essential for this experience, and demonstrate the potential of self‐management to put limits to economic activity through social, ethical, and ecological commitments in contradistinction to capitalist entrepreneurship oriented by the quest for profit per se. The present day challenges of the Corporación are related to the phenomenon of globalization, which obliged MCC to develop new organizational, technological, and social strategies. Since 1991, when the Corporación was created, technological innovation has been considered an explicit value. A reflection of that is the fact that 12 technological centers are now part of MCC. Furthermore, the Science and Technology Plan of the group has been elaborated since 2001. Internationalization has brought about new challenges as far as the orientating principles of the cooperative movement are concerned.

Este artículo explora la aplicación de la teoría de actor-red (TAR) al estudio de los movimientos sociales que emergen en conflictos socioambientales. A partir del caso del Comité para la Defensa del Agua y del Páramo de Santurbán, discutimos cómo este tipo de abordaje permite rastrear la configuración del movimiento social como una red heterogénea de agregados materiales y culturales, de elementos humanos y no-humanos que se auto-organizan y que pueden unirse a otras redes para lograr sus demandas. Concluimos que el actor-red "Comité para la Defensa del Agua y del Páramo de Santurbán" se ensambla a partir de tres procesos: conocer, informar y anclar. Su agencia, sustentada en la capacidad del Comité de constituirse en un portavoz del agua, hace uso de la red jurídica, las movilizaciones y la producción de conocimiento, para transportarla y dotarla de características científicas y políticas hasta convertirla en una cuestión de interés social. Palabras clave: conflictos socioambientales; movimientos sociales; teoría de actor-red; páramo de Santurbán; agua Social Movement as Actor-Network: Assembling the Committee for the Defense of Water and the Páramo de Santurbán AbstractThis paper explores the application of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to the study of social movements that emerge in socio-environmental conflicts. From the case of the Committee for the Defense of Water and the Páramo de Santurbán, it discusses how this approach allows to track the configuration of social movements as a heterogeneous network of material and cultural aggregates, human and non-human elements that self-organize and can join other networks to meet their needs. The paper concludes that the actor-network 'Committee for the Defense of Water and the Páramo de Santurbán' is assembled through three processes: to know, to inform, to connect. Its agency, based on the committee's ability to become a spokesman for water defense, makes use of the legal network, social mobilization, and knowledge production to transport it and provide it with scientific and political features to make it a matter of social interest.

This article aims to discuss how technological production has been affected by new organizational patterns of funding and evaluation, international transformations in terms of the reorganization of research centers, and changes in innovation practices. Researchers and scientists have had their activities redefined through new organizational formats that today are well-established. The purpose here is to verify the impacts that these tendencies have had on the scientific and technological production of Public Research Institutes. We analyzed the case of the Technological Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas-IPT) and found that from the 1990s onwards, research institutions in Brazil internalized organizational forms that enabled them to place themselves in the international agenda as reputational agents, and that the IPT internalized an international agenda, hiring new services and with new budgets. The institutions of scientific research tended to align their interests with hegemonic devices and to withdraw the participation of agents not able to make explicit the new formulas for recognition in the scientific field.

Brazilian YouTube channels spreading vaccine misinformation also misinform the public about the Covid-19 pandemic. Our analysis shows that content creators developed tactics to evade moderation and to profit both from the YouTube Partner Program and from different products, such as courses, books, supplements, and even isolated land — this last item in a pretext to flee from alleged conspiracies. Through the YouTube Partner Program, 516 brands paid for ads that appeared on videos containing Covid-19 misinformation, including the American CDC.

RESUMO: Este trabalho analisa a difusão de inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais na cadeia produtiva de linha branca a partir de pesquisa realizada em empresas localizadas na região de Campinas/SP no período 1996-1997. Discute-se como o processo de reestruturação produtiva provoca a reconfiguração das relações interfirmas e das relações entre empresas e diferentes instituições, especialmente do sistema educacional.Palavras-chave: Relações interfirmas, trabalho, educação, indústria de linha branca Introdução O processo de reestruturação industrial em nível internacional, associado à globalização da economia, está induzindo movimentos simultâneos de destruição/reconstrução das relações produtivas tradicionais. Atualmente, assistem-se a mudanças significativas nas relações interfirmas em diferentes cadeias produtivas, nos mercados de produtos e de trabalho, na mobilidade dos trabalhadores e nos requerimentos de qualificação. Essas mudanças têm levado a um renova-* Este artigo é produto da pesquisa "Reestruturação produtiva trabalho e educação: Os efeitos sociais da terceirização industrial em três regiões do país", Cedes/Finep/CNPq, coordenada por Alice Rangel de Paiva Abreu e José Ricardo Ramalho (PPGS/IFCS/UFRJ), Leda Gitahy (DPCT/IG/Unicamp) e Roberto Ruas (PPGA-UFRGS), (RJ, SP, RS), 1995-97. Agradecemos a contribuição de Fabiane Santana Previtalli (bolsista do projeto), que participou da pesquisa realizada na região de Campinas. ** Leda Gitahy é professora do DPCT/IG/Unicamp, Adriana Marques da Cunha (bolsista do projeto) é doutoranda do IE/Unicamp e Alessandra Rachid é professora do DEP/UFSCar.

Este artigo trata das mudanças e permanências nas formas de organização do trabalho num contexto “globalizado” e seus reflexos sobre a divisão sexual do trabalho no Brasil. Discute a interferência da construção social do masculino e do feminino nas distinções entre atividades de homens e de mulheres, ou seja, na criação e recriação permanentemente da divisão sexual do trabalho. Analisa, ainda, as transformações do mundo do trabalho, ressaltando a heterogeneidade desse espaço, e como os modelos de produção se apropriam das diferenças de gênero, transformando-as em desigualdades (salariais, de acesso ao emprego e promoção, por exemplo). A revisão de um conjunto de pesquisas sobre gênero e trabalho no Brasil pretende proporcionar elementos para reflexão sobre a articulação entre gênero e as mudanças e permanências observadas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro.