Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the Breathworks' Mindfulness for Stress 8-week course on depressive and psychiatric symptoms, and on positive and negative affects, compared with active control and wait list. Method: A total of 84 primary care health professionals enrolled in the study, in quasi-experimental research design. The scales Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Self-Compassion Scale, and Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire were applied before and after the interventions. Results: Depressive symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, and negative affects had a statistically significant decrease before postintervention evaluations in Mindfulness for Stress group, and the levels of self-compassion and observe and non-reactivity dimensions of mindfulness improved after the intervention. Conclusions: The Mindfulness for Stress program can be considered a feasible group intervention to improve the mental health of healthcare professionals.
Objective
Our aim was to explore the feasibility, and efficacy of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skill Training Group (DBT‐ST) as an add‐on treatment for adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Latin America.
Method
Adults with ADHD (n = 31) with stable medication treatment for ADHD and residual symptoms (ASRS > 20) were randomly assigned to DBT‐ST (n = 16) or treatment as usual (TaU; n = 15) for 12 weeks. Feasibility was accessed by attendance and completion rates at 12 weeks. Efficacy outcomes were measured with the ASRS, and performed at 0, 6, 12, and 16 weeks.
Results
The DBT‐ST protocol had 81.25% completion rate, with a mean attendance of 87.25% of the sessions. No significant interactions between group and time were detected for outcome measures.
Discussion
The DBT‐ST was feasible as add‐on treatment for adult patients with ADHD in Latin America. Replicating previous findings, DBT‐ST has shown no significantly higher improvement in ADHD symptoms in comparison with TaU. Registered at the Clinical Trials database (NCT03326427).
The effect of L-pyroglutamic acid, a metabolite that accumulates in pyroglutamic aciduria, on different neurochemical parameters was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. Glutamate binding, adenylate cyclase activity and G protein coupling to adenylate cyclase were assayed in the presence of the acid. L-pyroglutamic acid decreased Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent glutamate binding. Basal and GMP-PNP stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were not affected by the acid. Furthermore, rats received unilateral intrastriatal injections of 10-300 nmol of buffered L-pyroglutamic acid. Vehicle (0.25 M Tris-Cl, pH 7.35-7.4) was injected into the contralateral striatum. Neurotoxic damage was assessed seven days after the injection by histological examination and by weighing both cerebral hemispheres. No difference in histology or weight could be identified between hemispheres. These results suggest that, although capable of interfering with glutamate binding, pyroglutamate did not cause a major lesion in the present model of neurotoxicity.
Após um século da ênfase nos processos mentais inconscientes dada por Freud, estes se tornaram largamente aceitos, e, nos últimos anos, na verdade tem se verificado que o maior mistério reside na natureza da consciência. A distinção entre a consciência no sentido de coma/vigília, no sentido de consciência moral e no sentido da sensação de existir e estar vivenciando algo, encontrou respaldo nos avanços da neurociência. Esta última acepção, o "sentimento do que acontece" nas palavras de Damásio, presente durante o sonhar e ausente em certos estados de vigília como nas crises de ausência, é a propriedade de certos processos mentais que mais tem sido alvo de estudo. Evidências recentes sugerem que tanto a sensação de continuidade da consciência quanto a impressão de que ela preceda a tomada de decisão seriam ilusórias. Também a antiga crença de que a consciência fosse uma função dependente de um funcionamento cortical global tem sido questionada. A evolução da consciência a partir dos mecanismos de homeostase, como um feed-back sofisticado dos processos mentais que permite a detecção de erros nas predições realizadas pelo cérebro sobre o self e o ambiente, com a possibilidade de correções em partes do processo mental sem a necessidade de descartá-lo por inteiro, são exemplos das modernas compreensões sobre este tema, e que têm importantes implicações para a clínica psicoterápica. Neste trabalho, os autores revisam algumas das principais teorias recentes sobre a consciência, sua natureza, funções, aspectos evolucionistas, relação com a linguagem, com os sistemas de memória e com a questão da integração dos diferentes inputs e registros mnêmicos numa cena unificada do self interagindo com o ambiente, salientando que, embora já tenhamos alguns desenvolvimentos muito interessantes, a compreensão do tema ainda está nos seus primórdios.
Background: To date, no biomarker has been able to predict antidepressant response at an early blockade of norepinephrine or serotonin uptake. The transient nocturnal increase in plasma melatonin levels is upregulated by blocking these uptakes. The aim of this study was to test whether fluoxetine increase in urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) is an indicator of serotonin uptake blockade. Methods: A total of 20 women (35–45 years of age) recruited from the community had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Participants were instructed to take 20 mg of fluoxetine every morning. Every 4 weeks, the dose could be increased by 20 mg until symptom remission. The concentration of aMT6s was evaluated in overnight urine samples collected 1 day before and 1 day after the first fluoxetine dose. Results: An increase in aMT6s correlated to a decrease in BDI score evaluated on day 45 (ρ = −0.67, p = 0.024) was observed. Conclusions: Nocturnal increase in urinary aMT6s after the first day of medication use links the early mechanism of action of fluoxetine to its clinical output 45 days later. Thus, the relationship between urinary aMT6s excretion 1 day before/1 day after is a biomarker for predicting clinical output earlier, reducing illness burden and health care costs.
This chapter explores how the Buddhist framework can assist clinicians in treating mental health suffering. It highlights the Buddha’s ‘four noble truths’ and the ‘eight-fold path’ as frameworks for clinical applications. It describes the distinguishing features of the calm and insight aspects of meditation, their indications, and how they can be used in clinical presentations. It also describes mindfulness from a Buddhist perspective and compares this ancient traditional perspective with contemporary approaches to mindfulness. It also underscores the importance of cultivating four relationship qualities, known as the ‘four divine abodes’ (loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity). These qualities help to balance mindfulness, harmonize intra- and inter-personal relationships, and support the therapeutic endeavour. Finally, it provides some reflections on the possible benefits of using a Buddhist framework and Buddhist practices in the delivery of mental health services.
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