Introduction. Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological disorder which comprise several diverse and biologically distinct subgroups. Leukemia represents the 11th and 10th most frequent cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, respectively. Adequate data regarding the prevalence of leukemia are lacking in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of leukemia and associated factors among patients who have abnormal hematological parameters in Jimma Medical Center. Methodology. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 332 patients who have abnormal hematological parameters. Complete blood count from venous blood was made with Sysmex autohematology analyzer (Sysmex XS-500i and XT-1800; Kobe, Japan). Peripheral blood morphology and bone marrow aspirate examination were done for each patient. Descriptive statistics for the prevalence of leukemia and multinomial logistic regression analysis to assess associated factors were executed with IBM SPSS version 25. Results. The prevalence of leukemia was 9.3%, while acute myeloid leukemia, Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and undifferentiated leukemia comprises 3.6%, 2.7%, 1.8%, 0.6%, and 0.3%, respectively. Older Age ( p = 0.019 ), being male ( p = 0.047 ), being anemic ( p = 0.03 ), and rural residency of a patient ( p = 0.044 ) were significantly associated with having acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion. The prevalence of leukemia among patients who have abnormal hematological parameters in Jimma Medical Center is significant which needs further comprehensive investigations of the associated factors and predictors with more up to date diagnostic methods.

Objectives: Hematological abnormalities of the major blood cell lines are frequently reported in patients with HIV-1 infection, in patients without antiretroviral therapy, and during the advanced stages of the disease. Chronic immune activation and inflammation results in the progressive depletion of CD4+ T-cells play a significant role in the clinical progression and pathogenesis of this infection. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of hematological abnormalities and their associated factors before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection in a referral hospital. Methods: The study was conducted from 1 April to 30 June 2018, at Goba Referral Hospital. A total of 308 HIV-positive adults on treatment were enrolled during the study period. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire, with pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy data were extracted from medical records while post-treatment immuno-hematological measurements were done on blood samples collected at the time of enrollment. Results: The prevalence of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia before initiation of antiretroviral treatment was higher, although anemia and thrombocytopenia decreased correspondingly after initiation of treatment leukopenia increased by 4%. Mean values of immuno-hematological parameters before and after treatment initiation were significant ( p < 0.05). CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/µL was the only independent risk factor for anemia and leukopenia before highly active antiretroviral therapy, while stage IV disease, female sex, zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine treatment, and intestinal parasite infection were predictors of anemia after treatment initiation. Conclusion: The study revealed that hematological abnormalities are common in HIV infection, while the occurrence of abnormalities after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation. Different risk factors are associated with hematological abnormalities at pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy with regular monitoring of risk factors, adherence to the early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, and conduct of further longitudinal studies are recommended.

Background:Clinical laboratory reference intervals are an important tool to identify abnormal laboratory test results. The generating of hematological parameters reference intervals for local population is very crucial to improve quality of health care, which otherwise may lead to unnecessary expenditure or denying care for the needy. There are no well-established reference intervals for hematological parameters in southwest Ethiopia.Objective:To generate hematological parameters reference intervals for apparently healthy individuals in southwest Ethiopia.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 883 individuals from March to May 2017. Four milliliter of blood sample was collected and transported to Jimma University Medical Center Laboratory for hematological analysis and screening tests. A hematological parameters were measured by Sysmex XS-500i hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan). The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 statistical software. The non-parametric independent Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann–Whitney U test) were used to compare the parameters between age groups and genders. The 97.5 percentile and 2.5 percentile were the upper and lower reference limit for the population.Results:The reference interval of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet count in children were 4.99 × 1012/L (4.26–5.99 × 1012/L), 7.04 × 109/L (4.00–11.67 × 109/L), and 324.00 × 109/L (188.00–463.50 × 109/L), respectively. The reference interval of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet count in adults was 5.19 × 1012/L (4.08–6.33 × 1012/L), 6.35 × 109/L (3.28–11.22 × 109/L), and 282.00 × 109/L (172.50–415.25 × 109/L), respectively. The reference interval of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet count in geriatrics were 5.02 × 1012/L (4.21–5.87 × 1012/L), 6.21 × 109/L (3.33–10.03 × 109/L), and 265.50 × 109/L (165.53–418.80 × 109/L), respectively. Most of the hematological parameters showed significant differences across all age groups.Conclusion:Most of the hematological parameters in this study showed differences from similar studies done in the country. This study provided population-specific hematological reference interval for southwest Ethiopians. Reference intervals should also be established in the other regions of the country.

Abstract:Background: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a marked reduction in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related morbidity and mortality. However, HAART has been reported to be associated with a number of side effects in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive persons among which dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy are common metabolic disorders. Objective: To assess the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia among HAART and HAART naive HIV positive persons in Defense Hospital, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based comparative cross-sectional study among 228 HIV positive persons was conducted from September to October 2013. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Fasting venous blood sample was drawn for laboratory analysis. Lipid profiles were measured using clinical chemistry analyzer (HumStar80, USA). CD4 cell counting was done using BD FACS Count™ (BD, USA). Anthropometric measurement was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 for windows. Result: A total of 228, 114 on HAART and 114 HAART naïve HIV positive persons, were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 63.6%. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in HAART naive and on HAART HIV positive persons was 61(53.5%) and 84(73.7%), respectively. The prevalence of TC≥200 mg/dl was 50% and 30%; HLD-c<40 mg/dl was 43.8% and 36%; LDL-c≥130mg/dl was 48.3% and 28.1%; and TG≥150 mg/dl 59.6% and 39% among on HAART and HAART naïve, respectively. Age greater than 40 years old (AOR = 3.27, 95% C.I: 1.47 -7.25), blood pressure ≥ 140/90 (AOR = 16.13, 95% C.I: 5.81 -44.75), being on HAART (AOR = 2.73, 95 % C.I: 1.35 -5.53), and body mass index > 25kg/m 2 (AOR = 1.92, 95 % C.I: 1.20 -4.81) were identified as determinants of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The mean value of lipid profile was significantly higher on HAART as compared to HAART naïve HIV positive persons. It is important to have well controlled cohort studies for the evaluation of long-term effects of HAART on lipid profiles.

Background Pregnancy is a state characterized by physiological, hematological, and immunological changes. However, the reference intervals (RI) being used in clinical practice in Ethiopia are derived from non-local general populations. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the reference interval of hematological and immunological profiles among healthy pregnant mothers attending Hawassa University Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study in a total of 360 healthy pregnant women was enrolled from January to April 2019, at Hawassa University hospital. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples collected from each participant were used to define the hematological parameters. The median and 95% intervals were calculated for the immunological and hematological profiles. P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 360 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The age range of the participants was 18–45 years. 342(95%) were married and 270 (75%) of the participants were multigravida. The overall median CD4+ T-cell and total WBC counts (cells/mm3) were 602 and 7.58 respectively. The overall median value for lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophil count was (cells/mm3) was 2.21, 6.74, .63, .53, and 0.09 respectively. Whereas the median RBC and platelet count was 4.48×106/μLand 212×106/μL. The median value of hematological profiles in the first, second, and third trimesters was TWBC (103/μL) (7.90, 8.30, 8.65), RBC (106/μL) (4.5, 4.6, 4.62), and PLT (103/μL) (210, 209,161) respectively. The CD4 T cell count median value was (600, 598, and 591) in the first, second, and third trimesters. Significant changes were observed in hematological and immunological parameters between trimesters (P < 0.05). Conclusion Significant changes were observed in hematological and immunological parameters between trimesters (P < 0.05). Considerable differences were also seen between the values in this study and other studies from Ethiopia and other countries, indicated the need for the development of local reference intervals for pregnant women.