We screened a library of botanical compounds purified from plants of Vietnam for modulators of the activity of a two-pore domain K+ channel, TREK-1, and we identified a hydroxycoumarin-related compound, ostruthin, as an activator of this channel. Ostruthin increased whole-cell TREK-1 channel currents in 293T cells at a low concentration (EC50 = 5.3 μM), and also activity of the TREK-2 channel (EC50 = 3.7 mM). In contrast, ostruthin inhibited other K+ channels, e.g. human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG1), inward-rectifier (Kir2.1), voltage-gated (Kv1.4), and two-pore domain (TASK-1) at higher concentrations, without affecting voltage-gated potassium channel (KCNQ1 and 3). We tested the effect of this compound on mouse anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and found anxiolytic activity in the open-field, elevated plus maze, and light/dark box tests. Of note, ostruthin also showed antidepressive effects in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, although previous studies reported that inhibition of TREK-1 channels resulted in an antidepressive effect. The anxiolytic and antidepressive effect was diminished by co-administration of a TREK-1 blocker, amlodipine, indicating the involvement of TREK-1 channels. Administration of ostruthin suppressed the stress-induced increase in anti-c-Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septum, without affecting immunoreactivity in other mood disorder-related nuclei, e.g. the amygdala, paraventricular nuclei, and dorsal raphe nucleus. Ostruthin may exert its anxiolytic and antidepressive effects through a different mechanism from current drugs.
The process of enzyme assisted extraction of essential oil from the leaves and branches of the Vietnamese aromatic plant Cinnamomum cassia was studied and optimized using a Box-Wilson central composite design consisting of 05 independent variables (pH, temperature T, time τ, concentration of the enzyme Laccase, and concentration of the enzyme Cellic Htec2) and two dependent variables (reducing sugar and yield of essential oil). Second-order polynomial equations were obtained for the responses, which fitted well with the experimental data. Optimal conditions for oil yield were found at pH = 5.2; T = 440C; τ = 5h30'; Laccase = 0.42 ml/g, and Cellic Htec2 = 1.15%. The experimental value (0.982% oil yield) was close to the predicted value (0.978%). The application of enzyme assisted extraction in combination with optimization using response surface methodology substantially improved the oil yield as compared with traditional method.
Mud crab Scylla sp. is a common sea crab species in Vietnam as well as in Asia Pacific. Today, mud crabs are raised on a large scale to be harvested at the soft molting stage because of the high economic value of the finished shell crabs. At present, the processing of soft shell crabs is limited to whole packaging and exporting. However, 30% of soft-shelled crabs in processing often lose their feet and claws, which reduce production costs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the technology of processing soft-shell crabs to improve the value of soft-shelled crab products. Recently, the application of enzymes in processing has brought many benefits such as being environmentally friendly and creating many bioactive substances. In this journal, we built the procedure to determine amino acid content in the processing of Scylla sp. to ensure the quality of products obtained after processing. This procedure based on HPLC using a fluorescence reader. The results showed that the amino acid content after hydrolysis process by enzyme technology reached 65.58% dry weight and contains many valuable amino acids such as lysine, leucine, valine, methionine, histidine.
Sản phẩm chứa axit béo không no đa nối đôi mạch siêu dài nhóm omega-3 có vai trò quan trọng trong các lĩnh vực y, dược và công nghiệp thực phẩm. Trong tự nhiên, các axit béo omega-3 có mặt chủ yếu trong các sinh vật biển như tảo biển, san hô, cá biển… Trong công bố này, chúng tôi đề cập đến xây dựng quy trình sản xuất sản phẩm chứa hàm lượng cao đồng thời các axit béo không no đa nối đôi omega-3 (hay n-3) mạch siêu dài (Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids - HUFA) như EPA, DPA, DHA, ứng dụng enzym và các kí thuật phối hợp khác bao gồm các bước xử lý nguyên liệu, phân ly, làm sạch, làm giàu, tinh chế để thu được sản phẩm, từ nguyên liệu là phụ phẩm chế biến các loại cá ngừ đại dương (đầu và nội quan). Ngoài ra, quy trình còn thu được các sản phẩm phụ là bột cá, oligopeptide hòa tan.
ABSTRACT11 samples of 8 seaweed families were collected at Con Co -Quang Tri and determined of the chemical compositions. The analysis results showed that these seaweed samples in Con Co contain high content of trace elements and low content of heavy metals. Many samples have good lipid quality to meet the requirements of safe food, as well as being good for the human health (such as CC1, N9, N4, and N6 samples). Especially, some seaweed samples were found to contain long-chain fatty acids with many double bonds presenting high bioactivity in their lipid composition, such as C20: 4n-6 (AA) up to 22.35% (Hypnea flagelliformis Grev., sample N6), C20: 5n-3 (EPA) 16.36 % (Grateloupia lithophila, sample N9), C22: 6n-3 (DHA) 1.07 % (Hypnea esperi, sample N2), C22: 5n-3 (DPA) 1.82% (Liagora spl., samples N4).
C22:0 được sử dụng là những chất đánh dấu cho việc phân loại hoá học thực vật (Chemotaxonomy) đối với các loài rong đỏ. Sử dụng phương pháp phân tích cấu tử chính (PCA), kết quả thể hiện qua giản đồ hai chiều, các họ rong đỏ phân định thành các vùng riêng rẽ. Chúng tôi cũng đưa ra sơ đồ cây phân loại của các loài rong đỏ theo thành phần axit béo chính yếu.
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