This study is to propose a conceptual framework that can be used to measure the relationship between the operational and sociotechnical aspects of lean healthcare practices and sustainability among Malaysia's private hospitals. Specifically, it investigates the mediating role of operational performance and the moderating role of safety climate. This study first reviews the literature on lean healthcare practices comprising operational and sociotechnical practices. Then, taking into account the literature on operational performance, safety climate and sustainability, a conceptual framework is established. Research hypotheses were developed based on the proposed conceptual model and review. Questionnaires have been developed through an exhaustive literature review and randomly distributed to 118 private
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