Parental involvement in school has been demonstrated to be a key factor for children’s academic outcomes. However, there is a lack of research in Chile, as well as in Latin American countries in general, leaving a gap in the literature about the generalization of findings outside developed and industrialized countries, where most of the research has been done. The present study aims to analyse the associations between parental involvement in school and children’s academic achievement. Cluster analysis results from a sample of 498 parents or guardians whose children attended second and third grades in 16 public elementary schools in Chile suggested the existence of three different profiles of parental involvement (high, medium, and low) considering different forms of parental involvement (at home, at school and through the invitations made by the children, the teachers, and the school). Results show that there are differences in children’s academic achievement between the parental involvement profiles, indicating children whose parents have a low involvement have lower academic achievement. Findings are in line with international research evidence, suggesting the need to focus on this variable too in Latin American contexts.
The aims of the present study were to (1) adapt and validate the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) for young Chileans and (2) provide data on the prevalence of cyber dating abuse in young Chileans. As a sample, 1,538 Chilean high school and university students (14–24 years old) participated in the study (59.8% females). Results showed that the CDAQ had an adequate fit with the original correlated four-factor model as well as with a second-order factor model that considered the four scales as primary factors of two secondary factors: victimization (control and aggression from the victimization perspective) and perpetration (control and aggression from the perpetrator’s perspective). Reliability analysis also showed that the questionnaire presented satisfactory values for internal consistency. Scores on the CDAQ were positively correlated with traditional forms of assessing dating violence, providing new evidences of validity. Prevalence data showed cyber dating behaviors are common practices among young Chileans, with around three quarters of that population reporting being victims or aggressors. Finally, prevalence of control (around 72% for both perspectives) was higher than direct aggression (34.4% for victimization and 27% for direct aggression).
El objetivo de este estudio es adaptar y validar el Cuestionario de Compromiso Escolar desarrollado en Chile en adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia, Uruguay, España y Perú. Para asegurar la equivalencia cultural y lingüística en cada uno de los países, los ítems fueron en primer lugar revisados por siete expertos en educación y posteriormente por treinta adolescentes con características similares a las de la población objetivo. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados a 1578 estudiantes en los cuatro países, a través de una plataforma informática con versiones diferenciadas para cada uno de ellos. Las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones en cada uno de los países fueron adecuadas, de este modo, los análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorios mostraron que en todos los países se replicó la estructura original de tres factores (compromiso afectivo, cognitivo y conductual), y la fiabilidad fue adecuada en todos los casos.
Abstract. OBJECTIVE:To generate normative data for the phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the VFT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Scores for letters F, A, S, and animals and fruit categories were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2 , sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses.
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