This study likely underestimates the challenge of long-term adherence, as adherence tends to be better in research studies than in clinical practice. This study also did not fully account for primary nonadherence. Adherence to topical treatment is low in the short term and decreased further in the long term, a considerable challenge for dermatologists to address. A reporting intervention may be one of the ways we can improve our patients' treatment outcomes.

Biologic treatments that were most cost effective were so in respect to both the cost per patient achieving DLQI MID and per patient achieving PASI-75. This suggests that the same agents that are effectively clearing the disease are also effective in improving the patients' subjective assessment of dermatology-related quality of life.

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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that negatively impacts patients' quality of life. We sought to review important aspects of the pathogenesis of rosacea and the role of new treatment options in its management. New, emerging treatments show promise; however, quality randomized controlled trials for many of these drugs are lacking. Brimonidine tartrate is an effective newly approved treatment for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Topical oxymetazoline has potential for the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, with efficacy described in case reports and randomized controlled trials currently underway. Both oral and topical ivermectin have been studied for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea, both showing benefit; however, only topical ivermectin 1 % cream has been studied in randomized controlled trials. As our understanding of the etiology of rosacea continues to evolve, so will our options for therapeutic interventions. Further studies need to be performed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of these treatments.

Current studies continue to support the use of biologic agents in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, with better efficacy and safety profiles than traditional systemic agents. Newer anti-IL-17 agents and several new oral agents are in development and have shown promise in clinical trials.

Radiofrequency currents have a tendency to move toward the center of the bulk of tissue. When an electrode of a fractional radiofrequency device enters the skin, maximum heating effect will be around the tip of the electrode in the dermis. This phenomenon can preserve epidermis from injury during dermal heating, reducing post-procedural skin surface side effects seen with many skin rejuvenation procedures.

Current literature provides some evidence that nitrous oxide, used alone or as adjunct anesthesia, is effective at providing analgesia for many dermatologic procedures. Nitrous oxide has many potential applications in dermatology; however, further evidence from randomized controlled trials is needed.