This study aims to explain the role of economic freedom in attracting foreign investments and thus raising the level of economic growth. Through a study based on a sample composed of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. A standard model consisting of GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman) was used during the period from 1995 to 2017. We based on the analytical descriptive and secondly, we used a multivariate analysis based on the panel unit root test, the cointegration and finally the regression Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) following the existence of a long-term integration, which includes the modern standard methods to determine the role of economic freedom in raising foreign direct investment and thus economic growth in the second stage. The research findings from GCC countries support the literature, suggesting that there are indeed some indications that greater levels of economic freedom support higher rates of economic growth in a country.

This research examines the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on financial performance in the Saudi companies' context. In this context measuring, CSR is a necessary condition for knowledge of their own social responsibility and thus to control environmental and social impacts. Assessing the social and environmental performance, the establishment of a steering system for the performance and accountability on these external dimensions imply the existence of metrics to assess the quality of management of the business-related non-financial. The CSR and the financial performance are measured using two accounting variables: Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The financial data are collected from the last ten years (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). The results show the absence of a relationship between the CSR and the financial performance measured by ROA, whereas there is a positive relationship if the financial performance is measured by the ROE.

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue the Management of Environmental Performance and the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth, with an innovative study in the context of the GCC countries. The main goal of the paper is to examine empirically the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the GCC countries. The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of the emission of the CO2 on the Growth Economic and environmental performance. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of a dynamic panel modeling on a sample of the GCC countries during the period of 2002-2018. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of the reaction of the development of the Environmental Performance with the level of the the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and the economic growth. The study employed a GMM model system. Subsequently, the authors displayed a Panel Co-integration test of Pedroni (2004), the Kao Residual Co-integration test (1999), and the Granger causality tests. The results found unidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and the entire variable of the sample, except the variable CO2 emission. These relationships are statistically significant at the level of 5%. For the relation between Economic Growth and CO2 emission, one the hypothesis of the paper was checking a non-significant and unidirectional relationship. The results showed a long-run unidirectional causality between the variables and implied that Economic Growth in the GCC countries has a positive and significant unidirectional relation with Environment Performance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and investment. The results confirm the existence of a negative relationship as insignificant, and unidirectional, between economic growth and CO2 emissions in the GCC countries. Finally, this finding doesn’t support the validity of the EKC hypothesis and provide information's to take the necessary policy suggestions to maintain the environmental performance and limit the average of the CO2 emissions. The results of the research can be useful for the GCC countries to avoid the higher level of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and maintain a good Environmental Performance. Keywords: environmental performance, Environmental Kuznets Curve, CO2 emissions.

This study aims to show the relationship between the impact of energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth. Using quantitative indicators of energy consumption ratios, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth in Saudi Arabia, we try to measure the impact of various variables by taking into account the economic factors of the sample country. The application of a multivariate model of economic growth and renewable energy with carbon dioxide emissions monitored between 1990 and 2018 has been used. The empirical results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption. A unidirectional causal relationship is between energy consumption and long-term CO2 emissions. The results suggest that carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption are not driving economic growth. Therefore, Saudi Arabia can maintain a conservative energy policy and a long-term carbon reduction policy without hindering economic growth.

This study aims to explain the relationship between income, trade, urbanization, and financial development towards the degree of carbon dioxide emissions. The main purpose of the research is an econometric model which tries to study the interaction between the level of carbon dioxide emissions with income, trade, urbanization, and financial development. Through a study based on a sample composed of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. We propose an empirical investigation based on the use of econometric modeling, cointegration techniques, and the Granger causality test and the VECM. By using a panel sample composed of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from the period 1995 to 2016 the results prove a positive and significant long term relationship between income, trade, urbanization, and financial development and CO2 emissions. Also, the results denote that a higher level of country income and urbanization generates a high level of CO2 emissions. Afterward, financial Development had a positive effect on CO2 emission level. And finally, trade openness influences negatively the CO2 emissions.

This paper aims to study the impact of environmental performance on sustainable development. The objective of the study is to examine the causal relationship between environmental performance and sustainable development. Based on a standard model, which includes the variables of environmental performance and development, the type of relationship was determined in a selected sample of the GCC companies during the period between 2012 and 2018. In this context, dynamic panel data models, especially GMM, will be used. The results are expected to show that the level of environmental performance has a positive impact on the level of sustainable development by analyzing the impact of institutional attributes significantly on environmental performance. Finally, we should focus on the determinants of this effect by studying the environmental and social impacts on environmental performance.

The objective of this paper is the study of the link between social and financial performance and the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of social and financial performance and the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of a linear model. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis that showed a positive effect of social and financial performance on the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The results found suggest that size, risk, and sector do not moderate the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance. The results showed a positive impact between social and financial performance with the objectives of the Kingdom Vision (2030) and implied that social and financial performance has a positive and significant relationship with the Kingdom Vision (2030). The results of the research can be useful for companies to promote the social and financial performance for a good realization of the Kingdom Vision (2030) and provide information to take the necessary policy suggestions to maintain the social performance and limit the average of financial performance.