Management of Environmental Performance and Impact of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth in the GCC Countries

Abstract

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue the Management of Environmental Performance and the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth, with an innovative study in the context of the GCC countries. The main goal of the paper is to examine empirically the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the GCC countries. The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of the emission of the CO2 on the Growth Economic and environmental performance. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of a dynamic panel modeling on a sample of the GCC countries during the period of 2002-2018. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of the reaction of the development of the Environmental Performance with the level of the the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and the economic growth. The study employed a GMM model system. Subsequently, the authors displayed a Panel Co-integration test of Pedroni (2004), the Kao Residual Co-integration test (1999), and the Granger causality tests. The results found unidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and the entire variable of the sample, except the variable CO2 emission. These relationships are statistically significant at the level of 5%. For the relation between Economic Growth and CO2 emission, one the hypothesis of the paper was checking a non-significant and unidirectional relationship. The results showed a long-run unidirectional causality between the variables and implied that Economic Growth in the GCC countries has a positive and significant unidirectional relation with Environment Performance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and investment. The results confirm the existence of a negative relationship as insignificant, and unidirectional, between economic growth and CO2 emissions in the GCC countries. Finally, this finding doesn’t support the validity of the EKC hypothesis and provide information's to take the necessary policy suggestions to maintain the environmental performance and limit the average of the CO2 emissions. The results of the research can be useful for the GCC countries to avoid the higher level of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and maintain a good Environmental Performance. Keywords: environmental performance, Environmental Kuznets Curve, CO2 emissions.

Environmental Determinants of a Country’s Food Security in Short-Term and Long-Term Perspectives

“…In the research, it was revealed that CO 2 emissions have a negative influence on a country's food security, as was also highlighted in other research by Sibanda and Ndlela [54], Dkhili and Dhiab [55], Mačaitytė and Virbašiūtė [56], and Odermatt [57].…”

“…Additionally, Aitkazina et al [53] pointed out that an increase in greenhouse gas emissions by agrarian enterprises and expansion of use of chemical fertilizers create threats for sustainable development and, consequently, a country's food security. Similarly, Sibanda and Ndlela [54], Dkhili and Dhiab [55], Mačaitytė and Virbašiūtė [56], and Odermatt [57] also argue that increase of carbon emissions negatively influences company performance, countries' food security, and sustainability. In turn, Vasylieva [58] mentioned that a country's food security is dependent on yields, rational land use, development of innovations, and infrastructure.…”

Analysis on the Nonlinear Impact of Financial Risks on CO2 Emissions: Designing a Sustainable Development Goal Framework for Asian Economies

“…In the aspect of adjustment in the economic scale, it can attract a large amount of private and social capital to enter the green economy market, which will expand the financing channels in Asian countries, increase the cash holdings of Asian countries, and address the issues of the insufficient green economy in Asian countries, especially in the Asian countries with environmental protection initiatives based on technology. In accordance with the results of the study, the relationship between the growth of emerging economies and environmental sustainability can be observed [ 19 ]. In the case of the increasing GDP per capita in various countries, the degree of environmental sustainability also presents a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and finally declining.…”

Economic aspects of ecological conditions at the enterprise caused by technogenic pollution

“…Application of the differential equations theory, the similarity theory and dimensional analysis, probability theory, LSM [least square methods] allows to build a mathematical model of technogenic pollution (TP) impact upon the enterprise ecology state, the database, the information system database for controlling ecology sustainability at the enterprise. From year to year, much attention is paid to the issue of environmental pollution [2]. As a special case, it is expedient to single out the researches connected with work of industrial complexes, located within the cities of the region.…”