Abstract. This study investigated the bio-optical conditions of Uummannaq Fjord and Vaigat-Disko Bay, two neighboring, semi-enclosed coastal systems in West Greenland. Though close to each other, the systems differ in their hydrographic structure influencing the bio-optical conditions and, subsequently, the biological activities. Both systems showed high inorganic suspended particulate matter (SPMi) concentrations near river runoff or meltwater influxes (max. of 15.28 mg L −1 at the surface) and low colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM@350nm, < 1.50 m −1 ) abundance throughout the systems. High chlorophyll levels (as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass) were measured in the Vaigat (max. of 11.44 µg L −1 ), which represents the outflow arm of Disko Bay. Light penetration depth as indicated by the 1 % depth of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) was dominated by chlorophyll and SPMi alike, ranging from 12.2 to 41.2 m. Based on these characteristics, an effective twocomponent parameterization for the diffuse attenuation coefficient k PAR was developed in order to model light penetration depth as a relevant factor for bio-optical studies in Arctic environments under glacial meltwater influence.
The bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense has been extensively studied due its toxin-producing capabilities and consequent impacts to human health and economies. This study investigated the prevalence of resting cysts of A. fundyense in western Greenland and Iceland to assess the historical presence and magnitude of bloom populations in the region, and to characterize environmental conditions during summer, when bloom development may occur. Analysis of sediments collected from these locations showed that Alexandrium cysts were present at low to moderate densities in most areas surveyed, with highest densities observed in western Iceland. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted on clonal cultures established from isolated cysts or vegetative cells from Greenland, Iceland, and the Chukchi Sea (near Alaska) to examine the effects of photoperiod interval and irradiance levels on growth. Growth rates in response to the experimental treatments varied among isolates, but were generally highest under conditions that included both the shortest photoperiod interval (16h:8h light:dark) and higher irradiance levels (~146–366 μmol photons m−2 s−1), followed by growth under an extended photoperiod interval and low irradiance level (~37 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Based on field and laboratory data, we hypothesize that blooms in Greenland are primarily derived from advected Alexandrium populations, as low bottom temperatures and limited light availability would likely preclude in situ bloom development. In contrast, the bays and fjords in Iceland may provide more favorable habitat for germling cell survival and growth, and therefore may support indigenous, self-seeding blooms.
Abstract. The quality of water level time series data strongly varies with periods of high-and low-quality sensor data. In this paper we are presenting the processing steps which were used to generate high-quality water level data from water pressure measured at the Time Series Station (TSS) Spiekeroog. The TSS is positioned in a tidal inlet between the islands of Spiekeroog and Langeoog in the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea). The processing steps will cover sensor drift, outlier identification, interpolation of data gaps and quality control. A central step is the removal of outliers. For this process an absolute threshold of 0.25 m 10 min −1 was selected which still keeps the water level increase and decrease during extreme events as shown during the quality control process. A second important feature of data processing is the interpolation of gappy data which is accomplished with a high certainty of generating trustworthy data. Applying these methods a 10-year data set (December 2002-December 2012) of water level information at the TSS was processed resulting in a 7-year time series (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). Supplementary data are available at
Abstract. Estuary systems are well-defined semi-enclosed systems which are strongly influenced by their terrestrial and marine boundaries. In this paper we investigate the bio-optical conditions in the water column of two neighboring estuary systems, Uummannaq Fjord and Vaigat–Disko Bay, in West Greenland. Though close to each other, the systems differ by their hydrographic structure influencing the bio-optical conditions and subsequently the biological activities. Both systems show high inorganic suspended particulate matter (SPMi) concentrations near freshwater respective melt water influxes (max. of 15.28 mg L−1 at the surface) and low colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM@350 nm, < 1.50 m−1) abundance throughout the estuaries. Chlorophyll as an indicator of phytoplankton was solely high in the Vaigat (max. of 11.44 μg L−1) representing the outflow arm of the Disko Bay. Light penetration depth as indicated by the 1 % depth of Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) was dominated by chlorophyll and SPMi alike and reached from 12.2 to 41.2 m. Based on these characteristics an effective two component parameterization for the diffuse attenuation coefficient kPAR was developed enabling to model light penetration depth as a relevant factor for bio-optical studies in Arctic environments under glacial melt water influence.
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