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Key words:Breast cancer. Vitamin D. Menopause. Physical activity. Case-control study. Palabras clave:Cáncer de mama. Vitamina D. Menopausia. Actividad física. Estudio de casos y controles. ResumenIntroducción: la estrategia de prevención del cáncer de mama sigue siendo el factor clave para el diagnóstico precoz y el método más efi caz para el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el nivel de vitamina D asociado con el cáncer de mama en las mujeres. Métodos: este estudio de casos y controles hospitalarios se llevó a cabo con 181 mujeres con cáncer de mama y 197 controles sanas. Se estudió el nivel de vitamina D, calcio, fósforo y la dosis de suero PTH; se recopilaron de datos relacionados con el estilo de vida y com la historia de las pacientes, además se realizaron mediciones antropométricas. El análisis univariante (Chi-cuadrado probabilidades y primas ratio) y el análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: este estudio muestra un valor más alto de vitamina D en los controles de salud (26,9 mg/dl) que en las mujeres con cáncer de mama (24,8 mg/dl). Se encontraron más mujeres con sufi ciente vitamina D (34,85%) en el grupo control que en el grupo de cáncer. Usando el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, la historia familiar de cáncer de mama (OR 36,37; IC del 95%: 4,75 a 278,50) y la menopausia (OR 5,17; IC del 95%: 2,72 a 9,80) se halló una relación directa con el cáncer de mama, mientras que el nivel de vitamina D (OR 0,95; IC del 95%: 0,91 a 0,99) y la actividad física moderada (OR 0,31; IC del 95%: 0,10 a 0,93) mantienen las asociaciones inversas con la enfermedad. Conclusión: el estado de vitamina D y la práctica de actividad física moderada se consideraron factores de protección para el cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, la menopausia y la historia familiar de cáncer de mama se consideran un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de mama. AbstractIntroduction: The prevention strategy of breast cancer is still the key factor for early diagnosis and the most effective method for tracking the disease.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association vitamin D level with breast cancer in women.Methods: This hospital case-control study was conducted with 181 women with breast cancer and 197 healthy controls. Vitamin D status, calcium, phosphorus and PTH serum dosage and data collection related to lifestyle and patient's history, besides anthropometric measurements were performed. Univariate analysis (Chi-square and raw odds ratio) and multivariate analysis were performed through multivariate logistic regression. Results: This study shows a higher value of vitamin D in health controls (26.9 mg/dL) than in breast cancer women (24.8 mg/dL). Higher numbers of women with suffi cient vitamin D status (34.85%) were found in control group than cancer group. Using the multiple logistic regression model, the family history of breast cancer (OR 36.37,) and menopause (OR 5.17, 95% CI 2.72-9.80) had a direct association with breast cancer, wh...

Background Obesity is a multifactorial disease and a serious public health problem. Some of the associated factors are modifiable and, among them, the diet is highlighted. Objective To evaluate the association of dietary patterns of schoolchildren with obesity and body adiposity. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 378 children aged 8 and 9 years, enrolled in urban schools in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the children and their caregivers on sociodemographic characteristics and life habits. Three 24-hour food recalls were used to identify dietary patterns; the Principal Component Analysis was employed. Weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index (BMI) of the children and their mothers, waist circumference and neck circumference. Body composition was also evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For all performed tests, the level of significance was set at 5%. Results Five dietary patterns (DP) were identified: “unhealthy”, “snacks”, “traditional”, “industrialized” and “healthy”. There was an association between excess weight (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02 to 1.87) and body fat (PR: 1.32, 95%CI : 1.07 to 1.64) with industrialized DP. There was an association between excess body fat (PR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.74) and lower adherence to traditional DP. The other patterns were not associated with obesity and body adiposity. Conclusion Children with excess weight and body adiposity showed greater adherence to the industrialized DP and lower adherence to the traditional DP. We suggest that early assessments of dietary habits should be undertaken for monitoring and modifying these habits when necessary.

Objective: To analyze the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with normal weight obesity (NWO), as well as to investigate health behaviors related to the phenotype. Desing: The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and the bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases. Setting: School, university and population. Participants: Adolescents between 10 and 19 years old. Results: A total of eight papers were included. Most studies have found a relationship between NWO and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as high waist circumference, unfavorable lipid and glycid profile. As for health behaviors, three of the eight studies included evaluated eating habits, however, the results were not conclusive. In addition, four studies analyzed the practice of physical activity or physical fitness, which was lower in NWO. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that NWO is related to the early development of cardiometabolic changes, physical inactivity and less physical fitness in adolescents. The results also reveal the importance of early detection of the phenotype, as well as the need for further research on the associated factors to prevent future diseases. Registration (PROSPERO: CRD42020161204).

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of subclinical inflammation that has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CRP and cardiometabolic markers in a representative sample of prepubescent children. The objective was to evaluate the high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) and its association with traditional and nontraditional cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in Brazilian children. This is a cross-sectional representative study, with participants of the Schoolchildren Health Assessment Survey (PASE). Children from 8 to 9 years old (n=350) enrolled in public and private schools in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated. Sociodemographic evaluation was performed through a semistructured questionnaire. Anthropometric, body composition, clinical, and biochemical measures were analyzed for cardiometabolic risk assessment. The total mean of serum hs-CRP concentration was 0.62 (±1.44) mg/L. hs-CRP was significantly correlated with several anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical parameters in this population (P<0.05). hs-CRP was positively associated with the accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS components (P<0.05). Children with excessive weight; abdominal obesity; increased gynoid and android body fat; low HDL-c; hyperglycemia; and elevated uric acid, homocysteine, and apoB had higher chances of presenting increased hs-CRP (P<0.05). In this study, Brazilian children with cardiometabolic risk already presented elevated serum hs-CRP concentration. hs-CRP was associated with the increase of traditional and nontraditional cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as the accumulation of MetS components.

Lower Ca intake was associated with excess abdominal adiposity and subclinical inflammation in Brazilian children. Monitoring of adequate Ca intake is important, especially in poorer communities.