There was a positive association between "unhealthy" dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations in children and adolescents. Some unconfirmed associations may be related to the difficulty of assessing food consumption. Nevertheless, studies involving dietary patterns and their association with risk factors should be performed in children and adolescents, aiming at interventions and early changes in dietary habits considered to be inadequate.
Background: Early detection of changes in nutritional status is important for a better
approach to the surgical patient. There are several nutritional measures in
clinical practice, but there is not a complete method for determining the
nutritional status, so, health professionals should only choose the best method to
use. Aim: To evaluate the total lymphocyte count and albumin as predictors of
identification of nutritional risk in surgical patients. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 69 patients undergoing surgery
of the gastrointestinal tract. The assessment of nutritional status was evaluated
by objective methods (anthropometry and biochemical tests) and subjective methods
(subjective global assessment). Results: All parameters used in the nutritional assessment detected a high prevalence of
malnutrition, with the exception of BMI which detected only 7.2% (n=5). The
albumin (p=0.01), the total lymphocytes count (p=0.02), the percentage of adequacy
of skinfolds (p<0.002) and the subjective global assessment (p<0.001) proved
to be useful as predictors of risk of postoperative complications, since the
smaller the values of albumin and lymphocyte count and higher the score the
subjective global assessment were higher risks of surgical complications. Conclusions: A high prevalence of malnutrition was found, except for BMI. The use of albumin
and total lymphocyte count were good predictor for the risk of postoperative
complications and when used with other methods of assessing the nutritional
status, such as the subjective global assessment and the percentage of adequacy of
skinfolds, can be useful for identification of nutritional risk and postoperative
complications.
Background
Obesity is a multifactorial disease and a serious public health problem.
Some of the associated factors are modifiable and, among them, the diet is
highlighted.
Objective
To evaluate the association of dietary patterns of schoolchildren with
obesity and body adiposity.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out with 378 children aged 8 and 9
years, enrolled in urban schools in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais,
Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the children and
their caregivers on sociodemographic characteristics and life habits. Three
24-hour food recalls were used to identify dietary patterns; the Principal
Component Analysis was employed. Weight and height were measured for the
calculation of the body mass index (BMI) of the children and their mothers,
waist circumference and neck circumference. Body composition was also
evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For all performed
tests, the level of significance was set at 5%.
Results
Five dietary patterns (DP) were identified: “unhealthy”, “snacks”,
“traditional”, “industrialized” and “healthy”. There was an association
between excess weight (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval
[95%CI]: 1.02 to 1.87) and body fat (PR: 1.32, 95%CI : 1.07 to 1.64) with
industrialized DP. There was an association between excess body fat (PR:
1.31, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.74) and lower adherence to traditional DP. The other
patterns were not associated with obesity and body adiposity.
Conclusion
Children with excess weight and body adiposity showed greater adherence to
the industrialized DP and lower adherence to the traditional DP. We suggest
that early assessments of dietary habits should be undertaken for monitoring
and modifying these habits when necessary.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o consumo de produtos ultraprocessados e fatores associados em crianças pré-púberes. Estudo transversal realizado com 378 crianças de 8 e 9 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas de Viçosa-MG. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por três recordatórios de 24h. Os dados dietéticos foram tabulados no software Diet Pro® 5i, para quantificar o consumo energético. Para análise dos grupos de consumo alimentar foi utilizada a técnica Two-Step Cluster, por meio do software Stata versão 13.0. Os alimentos foram agrupados e classificados como marcadores de alimentação “saudável” e “não saudável”. A associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e os grupos formados foi verificada por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Obteve-se a formação de dois grupos alimentares: “saudável” e “não saudável”. A ingestão calórica de ultraprocessados foi menor no grupo “saudável” (20,5%) em relação ao “não saudável” (24,1%; P=0,043). No modelo multivariado, crianças de escola privada (RP = 1,25, P<0,001), que não recebiam Bolsa Família (RP=1,13, P=0,036) e cuja mãe trabalhava (RP=1,38, P<0,001) apresentaram maior chance de consumo “não saudável”. O consumo de produtos ultraprocessados associou-se ao maior poder aquisitivo das famílias de crianças pré-púberes.
Food and nutrition insecurity was associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the assessed publications. Childhood and adolescence constitute a period of life that is vulnerable to food insecurity consequences, making it extremely important to ensure the regular and permanent access to food. Because this is a complex association, some difficulties are found, such as the synergy between risk factors, the assessment of heterogeneous groups and extrapolation of data to other populations, in addition to the influence of environmental factors.
Objective:To address the association between food and nutrition insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence.Data source:Articles were selected from the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases with no publication date limit, involving children and adolescents, using the descriptors: food and nutrition security, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, stress and dyslipidemia. The terms were used in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The search was carried out systematically and independently by two reviewers.Data synthesis:Exposure to food insecurity during childhood and adolescence ranged from 3.3% to 82% in the selected publications. Exposure to food insecurity was associated with stress, anxiety, greater chance of hospitalization, nutritional deficiencies, excess weight and inadequate diets with reduced intake of fruits and vegetables and increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and fats.Conclusions:Food and nutrition insecurity was associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the assessed publications. Childhood and adolescence constitute a period of life that is vulnerable to food insecurity consequences, making it extremely important to ensure the regular and permanent access to food. Because this is a complex association, some difficulties are found, such as the synergy between risk factors, the assessment of heterogeneous groups and extrapolation of data to other populations, in addition to the influence of environmental factors.
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