Association between dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Rocha, Naruna Pereira; Milagres, Luana Cupertino; Longo, Giana Zarbato; Ribeiro, Andréia Queiróz; Novaes, Juliana Farias de

doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.02.015

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In the 'traditional dietary pattern' of the mentioned study, eggs, sugars and vegetables were in common with the transitional DP of the present study. In a systematic review on association between dietary patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents, the unhealthy patterns were characterized by processed products, poor in fiber and rich in sodium, fat, and refined carbohydrates which were similar with the western DP of the current study in which processed meats and fatty sauces are present (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Dietary Patterns and Obesity Associated Factors in Primary School Children

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C T Background and Objectives:To provide efficient recommendation for the prevention of childhood obesity and eating disorders, it is necessary to understand and explore their dietary patterns (DPs). The main aim of the current study was to explore dietary patterns among primary school aged children and determine the relationship between different dietary patterns and factors including anthropometric measurements, family size, school performance, weekly consumption of breakfast and physical activity. Materials and Methods:Male and female primary school children aged 7-11 (n=761) were recruited in a cross-sectional study from all districts of Tehran(2003Tehran( -2004. The students and their caregivers (mainly their mothers) were interviewed to complete a 24 h recall. Dietary patterns were explored by exploratory factor analysis of the 23 food groups.Results: Three major DPs were identified: healthy, transitional and western. The tendency of children towards western diet increased with their age (P<0.001). In larger families, the tendency towards healthy DP was lower (P<0.001). Class performance score of the children was positively correlated to healthy DP (P=0.009). Frequency of weekly consumption of breakfast was negatively correlated to western DP (P<0.001). BMI was positively associated with healthy and western DPs. Conclusions:Effective interventions for adapting older children and larger families to healthy eating is urged. For better judgment about correlation of DPs and adiposity more studies are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Dietary Patterns and Obesity Associated Factors in Primary School Children

et al. 2018

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“…Dietary habits are established early in life and maintain into adulthood (14)(15)(16) . This represents an issue, especially with their potential lifelong effects on the development of chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, CHD, diabetes mellitus, certain types of cancer and thus, premature mortality and physical morbidity (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . Freedman et al (23) found that nearly 70 % of obese adolescents have at least one risk factor for CVD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between nutrition knowledge, education and other determinants of food intake and lifestyle habits among adolescents from urban and rural secondary schools in Tyrol, Western Austria

Egg¹,

Wakolbinger²,

Reisser³

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the number of hours of nutrition education and teachers’ qualifications with nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour in students. Design: In this representative cross-sectional study, socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, socio-economic status (SES), physical fitness, nutrition knowledge and eating habits were assessed. Differences between groups were tested by χ2 and t tests. Multiple linear and logistic regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics, lifestyle and dietary behaviours, nutrition knowledge, nutrition-trained teachers and number of nutrition lessons. Setting: Sixteen secondary schools in urban (n 6) and rural regions (n 10) of Tyrol, Western Austria. Participants: Students (n 513) aged 14·2 (sd 0·7) years. Results: Higher nutrition knowledge was significantly associated with attending rural school (P = 0·001), having no migration background (P < 0·001), (very) good physical activity behaviour (P = 0·040), non-trained teacher (P = 0·006) but higher number of hours of nutrition education (P = 0·013). Regression models showed that higher nutrition knowledge was independently associated with lower intake of meat and iced tea and higher intake of vegetables and plant-based oils. A higher amount of nutrition education (h/week) was significantly associated with higher intake of dark (wholegrain) bread, lower intake of meat and of energy drinks sweetened with sweeteners. Conclusions: Our results suggest that more hours in nutrition education result in higher nutrition knowledge and greater nutrition literacy, which may lead to health-promoting dietary habits. School-based nutrition education can be seen as preventive measure to increase nutritional competences in adolescents independent of their SES.

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“…High-quality diets characterised by high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, dairy products, whole grains and nuts, which are more evident in prudent/healthy dietary patterns, are associated with protective effects against cardiometabolic diseases among adults ( 15 – 17 ) . Among adolescents, such evidence is scarce because few studies have tested the association between dietary patterns and CMR factors and because of the lack of consensus of standardised cut-off points to classify the outcomes in this group, making it difficult to compare studies conducted worldwide ( 18 , 19 ) . Therefore, in this investigation, the impact of healthy/unhealthy dietary patterns was evaluated on the mean values of cardiometabolic markers in adolescents.…”

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Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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This study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (n 18), waist circumference (WC) (n 9), systolic blood pressure (n 7), diastolic blood pressure (n 6), blood glucose (n 5) and lipid profile (n 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (-0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI -0·46,-0·36) and WC (-0·43 cm; 95 % CI -0·52,-0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.

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Association between dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Dietary Patterns and Obesity Associated Factors in Primary School Children

Dietary Patterns and Obesity Associated Factors in Primary School Children

Relationship between nutrition knowledge, education and other determinants of food intake and lifestyle habits among adolescents from urban and rural secondary schools in Tyrol, Western Austria

Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis

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