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The plant extracts are known for their anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The use of plant extracts in the preparation of bio-materials increases their biological application. In this concern, herein reporting an eco-friendly procedure which is also a simple and cost effective, for the synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Saussurea lappa plant root (rhizome) extract as a fuel. The prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using various characterization techniques. The Dynamic light scattering data showed 123.5 nm particle size with -99.9 mv zeta potential which indicates excellent stability of the particles. The peak at 541 cm À1 in the IR spectrum is assigned to the stretching frequency of the zinc-binding to oxygen. The X-ray diffraction peaks confirm the close association with JCPDS Data Card No: 36-1451. The FESEM data revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a hexagonal shape of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial studies indicate the gram-negative strains showed better inhibition activity than gram-positive strains. Among Fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizopus oryzae showed good inhibition activity at higher concentrations. The cytotoxic data indicates the 5 μg/mL of the ZnO particles showed cytotoxicity on the CHO cell line and with IC 50 value 3.164 AE 0.8956 μg/mL.

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The nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Syzygium cumini plant fruit pulp in a simple, ecofriendly and cost-effective procedure using the green chemistry route. The prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), zeta potential (ZE), particle size (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles showed on an average of 16 to 31 nm in size. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also on fungi, which showed less toxicity to them. Finally, the synthesized nanoparticles cytotoxic activity was tested on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines, which showed cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 2.66 μg/mL.