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The plant extracts are known for their anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The use of plant extracts in the preparation of bio-materials increases their biological application. In this concern, herein reporting an eco-friendly procedure which is also a simple and cost effective, for the synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Saussurea lappa plant root (rhizome) extract as a fuel. The prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using various characterization techniques. The Dynamic light scattering data showed 123.5 nm particle size with -99.9 mv zeta potential which indicates excellent stability of the particles. The peak at 541 cm À1 in the IR spectrum is assigned to the stretching frequency of the zinc-binding to oxygen. The X-ray diffraction peaks confirm the close association with JCPDS Data Card No: 36-1451. The FESEM data revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a hexagonal shape of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial studies indicate the gram-negative strains showed better inhibition activity than gram-positive strains. Among Fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizopus oryzae showed good inhibition activity at higher concentrations. The cytotoxic data indicates the 5 μg/mL of the ZnO particles showed cytotoxicity on the CHO cell line and with IC 50 value 3.164 AE 0.8956 μg/mL.

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Objectives We explore the existence of a fixed point as well as the uniqueness of a mapping in an ordered b-metric space using a generalized $$({\check{\psi }}, \hat{\eta })$$ ( ψ ˇ , η ^ ) -weak contraction. In addition, some results are posed on a coincidence point and a coupled coincidence point of two mappings under the same contraction condition. These findings generalize and build on a few recent studies in the literature. At the end, we provided some examples to back up our findings. Result In partially ordered b-metric spaces, it is discussed how to obtain a fixed point and its uniqueness of a mapping, and also investigated the existence of a coincidence point and a coupled coincidence point for two mappings that satisfying generalized weak contraction conditions.

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The development and fabrication of a simple, portable, and sensitive detection tool to precisely monitor nitrite level is of growing importance in electrochemistry research, given the strong interest in the protection of drinking water quality, treatment of wastewater, food production, and control of remediation processes. This work describes the fabrication of a simple, cost‐effective, pen‐type electrochemical sensor based on bimetallic gold and tungsten nanoparticles electrochemically decorated on graphene‐chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) for the trace detection of nitrite in real samples. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using XRD, SEM, and EDS. The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance electrochemical spectroscopy (EIS). Results revealed that the proposed sensor displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards electro‐oxidation of nitrite with an irreversible redox reaction. The AuNPs‐WNPs@Gr‐Chi/PGE sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance with a wide linear range from 10 to 250 μM towards nitrite. The LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.12 μM and 0.44 μM, respectively. The designed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the detection of nitrite in water, milk, and natural fruit juice samples.