Background Physiological aging can now be considered as a multi-factorial process that is associated with anatomical and signaling changes associated with endocrine function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of performing 12 weeks' resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women. Materials and methods Forty healthy aged women (age: 67.35 ± 1.40 years) were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group: resistance followed by endurance training (ER, n = 12), endurance training followed by resistance training (RE, n = 12, interval resistance-endurance (RE) training (INT, n = 12) and a control (Con, n = 12) groups. The training program was done over 12 weeks, 3 times per week. Endurance training was performed on a cycle ergometer (intensity: 60-90% maximum heart rate) and resistance training involved selected resistance exercises (intensity: 40-75 one-repetition maximum, 8-18 repeats). All participants were evaluated before and after the training period. Results and conclusion The data showed that performing resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise did not influence the adaptive response of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p = 0.07), growth hormone (p = 0.35), cortisol (p = 0.20), insulin (p = 0.72), epinephrine (p = 0.83) and norepinephrine (p = 0.86) levels throughout the study. However, when comparing pre and post, no significant differences were shown following combined training within the SE, ES and INT groups for all variables (p < 0.05), except of IGF-1 within ES (p = 0.04) and SE (p = 0.02), and testosterone within ES (p = 0.007). In conclusion, combined training with RE order may be more effective than other orders for increasing anabolic status in aged women.

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