Comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background Physiological aging can now be considered as a multi-factorial process that is associated with anatomical and signaling changes associated with endocrine function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of performing 12 weeks' resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women. Materials and methods Forty healthy aged women (age: 67.35 ± 1.40 years) were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group: resistance followed by endurance training (ER, n = 12), endurance training followed by resistance training (RE, n = 12, interval resistance-endurance (RE) training (INT, n = 12) and a control (Con, n = 12) groups. The training program was done over 12 weeks, 3 times per week. Endurance training was performed on a cycle ergometer (intensity: 60-90% maximum heart rate) and resistance training involved selected resistance exercises (intensity: 40-75 one-repetition maximum, 8-18 repeats). All participants were evaluated before and after the training period. Results and conclusion The data showed that performing resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise did not influence the adaptive response of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p = 0.07), growth hormone (p = 0.35), cortisol (p = 0.20), insulin (p = 0.72), epinephrine (p = 0.83) and norepinephrine (p = 0.86) levels throughout the study. However, when comparing pre and post, no significant differences were shown following combined training within the SE, ES and INT groups for all variables (p < 0.05), except of IGF-1 within ES (p = 0.04) and SE (p = 0.02), and testosterone within ES (p = 0.007). In conclusion, combined training with RE order may be more effective than other orders for increasing anabolic status in aged women.

The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome

“…Therefore, despite youngers, the RT+HIIT revealed a small to moderate effect which might have been limited by the short-term intervention rather than by the age range. Our short-term (12 week) RT+MICT program promoted several metabolic changes in MetS markers that are consistent with previous studies (Robinson et al, 2017;Agner et al, 2018;Banitalebi et al, 2018;Cadore et al, 2018). In contrast, Banitalebi et al (2018) compared the effect of 12-weeks (3 times/week) of RT (16-18 RM to 8-10 RM) with cycling continuous aerobic exercise (16 to 30 min at 60-90% HRmax) in older women and did not found any significant difference in several endocrine outcomes including insulin like growth factor-1, cortisol and insulin profile.…”

“…Our short-term (12 week) RT+MICT program promoted several metabolic changes in MetS markers that are consistent with previous studies (Robinson et al, 2017;Agner et al, 2018;Banitalebi et al, 2018;Cadore et al, 2018). In contrast, Banitalebi et al (2018) compared the effect of 12-weeks (3 times/week) of RT (16-18 RM to 8-10 RM) with cycling continuous aerobic exercise (16 to 30 min at 60-90% HRmax) in older women and did not found any significant difference in several endocrine outcomes including insulin like growth factor-1, cortisol and insulin profile. Similarly, Agner et al (2018) reported no significant change in blood cholesterol and glucose outcomes after 12 weeks (2 sessions/week) of concurrent training (50 min of RT at 40-70% 1RM and 40 min of walking exercises at 70-85% HRmax).…”

Exercise for Brain Health: An Investigation into the Underlying Mechanisms Guided by Dose

“…The moderate-intensity aerobic exercise interventions had no effect on IGF-1 levels [19,111,112] or VEGF levels [19]. In 2 studies utilizing combined aerobic and resistance training, 1 found within-group increases in IGF-1, regardless of intervention order [113], whereas the other found no changes when compared to a control group. In the studies utilizing resistance training, only 1 study utilizing moderateintensity exercise found increases in IGF-1 [112], whereas the other 2 found no changes.…”

“…Six studies utilized short-duration exercise (10-12 weeks) of various modes: moderate aerobic exercise [19,111,112], combined moderate-and high-intensity aerobic and resistance training [111,113], and low or moderate resistance training [112,114,115]. The moderate-intensity aerobic exercise interventions had no effect on IGF-1 levels [19,111,112] or VEGF levels [19].…”

The Effect of Exercise on Glucoregulatory Hormones: A Countermeasure to Human Aging: Insights from a Comprehensive Review of the Literature

“…Exercise is, indeed, a full mediator of the relationship between inactivity time sedentary behaviors and insulin resistance [69]. Exercise, especially long-term (i.e., 12–24 weeks and not less than 8–10 weeks) [70,71,72] endurance, resistance and multimodal/combined training [73,74] or short-term (i.e., bouts of six weeks of HIIT) [75,76,77] training program, can positively impact on insulin levels [78], even though existing scholarly findings are not so clear-cut and warrant further investigations.…”