The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

To date, there are several knowledge gaps on how to properly prescribe concurrent training to achieve the best dose-response, especially regarding the optimal intensity or volume of the aerobic component. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise modes and intensities [i.e. aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) combined with a resistance training (RT) program] on metabolic outcomes in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-nine men and women (67.0 ± 6.7 years) volunteered to a 12-weeks exercise intervention (3 week −1 , 50 min/session) and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) RT plus MICT (RT+MICT) (2 males; 11 females); (b) RT plus HIIT (RT+HIIT) (4 males; 9 females); and (c) control group (CON)-without formal exercise (4 males; 9 females). Intensity was established between 60 and 70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) in RT+MICT and ranged from 55-65% to 80-90% HRmax in the RT+HIIT group. Dependent outcomes included morphological, metabolic and hemodynamic variables. Both training groups improved waist circumference (RT+MICT: P = 0.019; RT+HIIT: P = 0.003), but not body weight, fat mass or fat-free mass (P ≥ 0.114). RT+HIIT group improved fasting glucose (P = 0.014), low density lipoprotein [LDL (P = 0.022)], insulin (P = 0.034) and homeostatic model assessment (P = 0.028). RT+MICT group reduced triglycerides (P = 0.053). Both exercise interventions did not change high sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure (P ≥ 0.05). The CON group reduced the LDL (P = 0.031). This trial suggests that short-term exercise mode and intensity may differently impact the metabolic profile of individuals with MetS. Further, our data suggests that both concurrent trainings promote important cardiometabolic gains,

Multicomponent Exercise Program for Improvement of Functional Capacity and Lipidic Profile of Older Women with High Cholesterol and High Triglycerides

“…Regular aerobic exercise promotes improvements in TC, TG and GL [21,25,27,30] and enhances oxidative enzymes that are associated to better insulin sensitivity [30]. RT training is also powerful for changing the level of lipoproteins [20], to improve the decline in myosin chain and increase protein synthesis rate leading to enhanced glucose oxidation and a better insulin sensitivity, and to improve metabolic biomarkers in elderly women but are depended on volume, intensity and initial level of the subjects, since participants with higher GL and TG values can obtain better results [21,22,30]. Additionally, RT can increase the ability of skeletal muscle to use fat, reducing the plasma lipids levels [7].…”

“…The mechanism that can explained this post prandial TG reduction is the increased muscle lipoprotein and from a better clearance from the circulation after exercise since the blood flow increased with exercise [33]. According to Nilsson, et al [34] and Wewege et al [21] increased amounts of physical activity should be recommend to promote a favorable lipidic health profile [11,30] and should have more than 12 weeks.…”

Alaska backcountry expeditionary hunting promotes rapid improvements in metabolic biomarkers in healthy males and females

“…Exercise training interventions have demonstrated reductions in body weight, adipose tissue, and visceral fat (Da Silva et al, 2020). In efforts to improve outcomes in a short period of time, high-intensity interval training has also been utilized successfully to promote beneficial alterations in body weight, especially when combined with resistance training (Stoner et al, 2016).…”

Residual Impact of Concurrent, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Training on Fasting Measures of Glucose Metabolism in Women With Insulin Resistance

“…Additionally, RT also promotes similar glucose control improvements to HIIT ( Ross et al, 2021 ), by increasing skeletal muscle ( Brooks et al, 2007 ) and bone mass ( Wood and O’Neill, 2012 ) in patients with T2DM ( Dunstan et al, 2002 ; Ross et al, 2021 ). The combination of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) plus RT, or also as HIIT plus RT ( Da Silva et al, 2020 ), resulting in a training regimen known as concurrent training (CT), has also relevant evidence in favor of IR patients ( Timmons et al, 2018 ; Álvarez et al, 2019 ). Indeed, we recently reported beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes in women with hyperglycemia after a 20-week CT intervention, including −4mg/dl decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and other physiological adaptations in body composition (−4cm waist circumference, +400 g increases in lean mass), cardiovascular system (−6/−3mmHg reduction in systolic/diastolic blood pressure), and plasma lipoproteins (−11mg/dl LDL-cholesterol reduction) and greater increases in endurance performance (+56m in the 6-min walking test; Álvarez et al, 2019 ).…”