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Increased consumption of fried foods such as grilled chicken contains elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG), which is associated with diabetes mellitus. Hence, in this work, glyoxalase 1(GLO 1) based, zinc oxide (ZnO) flakes interfaced mediator free electrochemical biosensor was developed to detect MG in grilled chicken. ZnO flakes were synthesized by direct precipitation method. X-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to study the structural and morphological characteristics of ZnO flakes. The immobilization of GLO 1 on Pt/ZnO flakes modified electrode was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric and amperometric studies were carried out using Pt/ZnO flakes/GLO 1 working electrode. The developed biosensor exhibited linear range of 0.6-2.0 µM, sensitivity of 0.281 µA µM, LOD of 9 nM with a response time of <4 s and shelf life of 18 days (89%).

Glutathione (GSH-reduced form) is a tripeptide that plays a vital role as an antioxidant to remove xenobiotics in the human body and changes in GSH levels are a marker for the progression of various diseases. In this context, a highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for the detection of GSH has been developed using reduced graphene oxide Manganese oxide (rGMnO) nanocomposite as the nano-interface. Initially, graphene oxide was synthesized by Hummer's method and then thermally reduced in the presence of MnO 2 in a blast furnace to obtain rGMnO nanocompo-site. The nanocomposite was characterized to validate its structure and morphological properties via Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry studies showed that upon the addition of GSH, the Pt/rGMnO modified working electrode exhibited a linear response in the range of 1-100 μM at an input voltage of À 0.62 V. The developed sensor was found to have a sensitivity of 0.3256 μA μM À 1 and LOD of 970 nM with a recovery of 92-104 % in real blood serum samples.