Sensitive electrochemical nitrite sensors based on in situ stepwise formation of Pd nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide on electrodes.

This paper focuses on the investigation of a number of physical and electromagnetic properties of fire generated ash particles, with relation to radar observations of forest fire smoke columns. Emphasis is placed on understanding the physical properties of the ash, which have direct effects on their scattering ability. Coupled with the electromagnetic properties, these physical properties describe the scatter generated when a number of dispersed ash particles are volumetrically interacting with radar signals. Due to their planar geometry, a study of ash particles originating from the eucalyptus genus has been conducted. Particular focus is placed on this genus due to its high population and role in fueling large bushfires within the Australian continent. The fundamental scattering mechanisms required for describing the radar reflectivity in horizontal, vertical, and cross-polarization have been explored by breaking down and analyzing three distinct properties of an individual ash particle. These include its geometric, dynamic, and electromagnetic properties. Statistical distributions from all three areas have been included to aid in the development of modeling tools.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are a class of nanoscale biopolymers produced from cellulose sources. CNC materials have gained growing interests which can be attributed to their excellent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and high aspect ratio whilst also being an inexpensive material that can be produced from green and renewable sources. Due to the abundant hydroxyl functional groups, the surface of CNC materials are ready to be tuned and functionalized via chemical reactions allowing for many different applications, such as being a reinforcing agent to be incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer matrix. In this review paper,we firstly introduce the general methods for producing CNC from different sources. Different strategies used for surface modification ofCNCare then discussed. Finally, the recent progress on the applications of CNC and CNC composite materials are described in detail.

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