Chromatographic Characterization on Flavonoids and Triterpenes of Leaves and Flowers of 15 Crataegus L. Species The Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) is the most commonly used herb for treating cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this paper was the analysis and comparison of HPTLC chromatographic profiles of flavonoids and triterpenes of leaves and flowers of 15 Crataegus L. species occurring throughout Eurasia and North America, and determination of specific distinguishing markers of its fingerprints. The optimal chromatographical conditions for evaluation of flavonoids and triterpenes of 15 Hawthorn species were proposed, the specific HPTLC fingerprints were obtained. The flavonoids fingerprints were qualitatively much the same for the pharmacopoeial species C.laevigata/oxyacantha and C.monogyna and other related non-pharmacopoeial European and Asian Hawthorn species including C.curvisepala, C.pseudokyrtostyla, C.fallacina, C.leiomonogyna, C.ambigua, C.sanguinea, C.almaatensis, C.turkestanica. The specific distinctive features for Hawthorn species native to North America, including C.punctata var aurea, C.pringlei, C.festiva, C.douglasii and C.holmesiana, were determined. The evaluation of the triterpenes profiles showed that all 15 analyzed Hawthorn species had quite similar fingerprints.

According to the World Journal of Gastroenterology, more than 5 million people worldwide suffer from inflammatory bowel disease. The use of phytotherapeutic remedies in treatment of chronic inflammatory processes can be an effective alternative in patient’s therapy. The advantage of herbal medicines is the ability to influence various links of pathogenesis, lack of addiction, and the absence of withdrawal syndrome with long-term use in chronic pathology. In order to develop a new combined remedy with anti-inflammatory activity for the treatment of colitis, thirteen herbs, which are used in official or traditional medicine in inflammatory processes, were selected among the Ukrainian flora members. To select the most promising drugs and optimize further pharmacological research, molecular docking of the main active substances of the selected herbs to the fundamental pro-inflammatory enzymes – lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) – was carried out. Native inhibitors AKBA and celecoxib, respectively, were used as the reference ligands. The selection of candidate structures for in silico research was carried out according to the bibliosemantic research and logical-structural analysis concerning anti-inflammatory effect of the substances, which are part of chemical composition of the selected herbs. Molecular docking results have shown a high affinity level for the active site of the LOX-5 inhibitor gallotannin, quercetin, inulin, sitosterine, and moderate for ellagic acid. High affinity level for the active site of the COX-2 inhibitor was found for inulin, quercetin, gallotannin, ellagic acid and urticin A, moderate one – for gallic acid. For the further pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies for anti-inflammatory activity, medicinal herbs with the highest content of the mentioned compounds were selected: Inula helenium, Cichorium intybus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Foeniculum vulgare, Equisetum arvense, Veronica officinalis. Besides, it is recommended to use aqueous extracts of the selected herbs for the further pharmacological studies.

The problem of helminthiases is particularly relevant not only in veterinary medicine, but also in medical practice of mankind. Today, the spread of parasitic diseases concerns any country in the world, including countries with high living standards. The greatest danger is the fact that the vast majority of cases of the digestive system helminthiases is in children of the preschool and early school age. In all age groups of patients there is also a significant deterioration of the immune system and development of autoimmune diseases as a consequence of the disease. Aim. To analyze the range of anthelmintic medicines presented at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Distribution of anthelmintic medicines by their origin and dosage forms, as well as by price offers was studied at the level of the industrial area of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region. The data processing was performed using the methods of economic and statistical analysis, and the results were processed using computer programs. Results and discussion. The domestic market of anthelmintic medicines offers 19 medicines on the basis of praziquantel, mebendazole, albendazole, piperazine, pyrantel, levamisole and one medicine in the form of a herbal tea-tansy flowers. Medicines of the Ukrainian production are only 36.8 %, while the most (63.2 %) of medicinal products comes from manufacturers of the UK, France and India. Anthelmintic medicines are presented in 3 dosage forms, among them coated tablets dominate. The analysis of price offers on the example of those that are available in Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region, taking into account the offers of internet pharmacies, showed their significant variation (from 2 to 1248). Among the medicines with albendazole as the active ingredient the greatest difference of price offers is typical for vormil in the form of coated tablets. Conclusions. It has been found that the existing range of anthelmintic medicines requires development and implementation of new domestic products in the industrial production. A particular attention should be paid to development of products based on the medicinal plant raw material.

Objective: The purpose of our work was to conduct technological, analytical, and biological investigations and stability studies of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions containing glucose and sodium lactate in single-chamber containers.Methods: Different formulations of PD solutions were prepared and sterilized at a temperature of 121 °C during 15 m. UV-spectrophotometric determination was performed using purified water as a blank. The spectra of the solutions were run in the range of 220 to 400 nm for the identification of an absorption maximum (λmax) and measuring the absorbance at 228-230 nm and λmaxbefore and after heat sterilization. λmax of the most PD solutions after sterilization was found in the range of 273 to 281 nm. The potentiometric determination was done for pH measuring PD solutions before and after sterilization. Alternative analytical procedure of direct argent metric method was employed for fast measuring content of chloride ions. Viability of Vero cells was evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, neutral red (NR) uptake assay, and sulforhodamine B (SRB) test.Results: The results showed that the absorbance of the most laboratory batches of PD solutions augments significantly with increasing an autoclave heating time to the sterilization temperature and time of its cooling after sterilization. The longer these parameters, the higher is the absorbance at 228-230 and 273-281 nm indicating 3,4-dideoxyglucoson-3-en (3,4-DGE) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) contents, respectively. Glucose degradation is practically absent at short terms of heating and cooling an autoclave while sterilized samples are preserved sterile. Stability studies showed a significant decrease in the absorbance at 228-230 nm during storage with the achievement of a nadir and the following weak increase; an elevation or decrease in the absorption maximum; a substantial decline in the pH of the solution after sterilization and an insignificant pH decrease during storage. The viability of kidney cells was the highest in the SRB test and the lowest one was in the MTT test.Conclusion: The influence of sterilization regimes on the quality of conventional PD solutions and their stability during storage were studied. The highest cytotoxicity was detected in the MTT test, and the lowest one was done in the SRB test, indicating the largest vulnerability of mitochondria under the influence of PD solutions compared to the membranes permeability, functioning of kidney cell lysosomes and the ability of cells to synthesize proteins. Our studies could be useful in the context of planning development of PD solutions with the purpose of authorization and domestic manufacture of these solutions in low-and-middle-income countries.

The pharmacotechnological studies of the phytospecies composition for the complex therapy of mastopathy Today mastopathy is the most common benign breast disease. It is diagnosed in almost one in four women aged 30 years. In women over 40 different breast pathologies are found in 60 % of cases. Mastopathy that has not been diagnosed in proper time and corrected pharmacologically can be the cause of breast cancer. The urgency of the problem is caused by widespread mastopathy and currently ineffective treatment of this disease. Aim. To study the pharmacotechnological parameters of the medicinal plant raw material (MPRM) in order to create a phytospecies for use in the treatment of mastopathy. Materials and methods. Using the technological research methods according to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine and the method described by P. Vetrov the main technological characteristics of the raw material such as the content of extractive substances, specific density, bulk volume, and bulk density, pore volume, porosity, and free volume of the layer for MPRM under research and the phytospecies developed were studied. The technological parameters of different types of the plant raw material are determined by the following methods given above. The raw material was previously crushed to the particle size of 0.3-0.6 cm by the combined method. The data obtained were processed by the methods of economic and statistical analysis of the treatment results using computer programs. Results and discussion. The main technological parameters of the raw material are moisture, the content of extractive substances, specific density, bulk volume, and bulk density of the raw material, pore volume, porosity and free volume of the layer of the raw material. The results obtained when studying the main technological parameters of MPRM in the composition of the drug developed allow us to determine the optimal ratio between the raw material and the extractant, choose the type and size of packing of the phytospecies. Based on the analysis of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of active substances of MPRM and the results of the technological studies the composition of the phytospecies for the complex treatment of mastopathy has been developed. The data obtained will serve as a basis for choosing the parameters of extraction and type of packing of a drug. Conclusions. The main pharmacotechnological parameters of the samples of MPRM (parsley leaves, corn silk, cranberry fruits, hop cones, common horsetail herb, rose hips, nettle leaves, stevia herb) and the phytospecies have been determined. The phytospecies developed can be used as a medicated product in the treatment of mastopathy due to the presence of the hormone-regulating, oncoprotective, choleretic, diuretic and immunomodulatory action.