Актуальность. В настоящее время назрела необходимость принятия специального федерального закона, посвященного оказанию психологической помощи населению. Отсутствие такого нормативного правового акта не позволяет использовать единую терминологию в отношении оказания психологической помощи, затрудняет разграничение государственной и негосударственной форм оказания психологической помощи, а также не отвечает интересам ее потенциальных получателей в силу неопределенности круга субъектов, которые такую помощь могут оказывать. Цель. В статье ставятся задачи: проанализировать современное состояние правового регулирования оказания психологической помощи, выявить пробелы в законодательном регулировании названной сферы и подтвердить вывод о необходимости принятия специального федерального закона об оказании психологической помощи населению. Описание хода исследования. В статье анализируется современное состояние правового регулирования оказания психологической помощи в Российской Федерации и зарубежных странах с использованием метода сравнительно-правового анализа. Результаты исследования. В ходе исследования подтвердилась гипотеза о необходимости принятия специального федерального закона о психологической помощи населению. Выводы. Специальный федеральный закон о психологической помощи населению необходим для систематизации оказания социальных услуг в данной сфере, для защиты прав и законных интересов получателей психологической помощи, для закрепления требований к лицам, которые могут оказывать психологическую помощь. Результаты, полученные в ходе настоящего исследования, могут быть использованы при подготовке федерального закона о психологической помощи и подзаконных нормативных правовых актов. Ключевые слова: психологическая помощь, социальные услуги, социально-психологические услуги, психолог, чрезвычайные ситуации. Background. Currently there is a need to adopt a special federal law that covers psychological counselling of the population. The lack of such law is preventing use of uniformed terminology across the country and separating governmental and non-governmental psychological counselling rendered. Such gap also does not correspond with the interests of the clients that counselling is focused on since the experts who are allowed to extend those services are undetermined and undefined. Objective. The paper is directed at analyzing the status quo of legal regulation of the psychological counselling, finding gaps in such regulation and proving the need in a special federal law. Research Progress. The paper takes an account of the current state of regulation of psychological counselling in the Russian Federation and foreign countries using the comparative legal analysis approach.The research resulted in a finding that there is the need in a special federal law on psychological counselling. Conclusion. Special federal law on psychological counselling of the population is necessary to elaborate and eventually to implement for uniformity in counselling and in social work services, and also to protect the rights and inte...
Background. In many countries frontline emergency workers of different specialties face the need to inform people of their relatives’ death and to support them during the acute period following the message. The need for psychological training in this area is evident. However, the research in this area is not only complicated in terms of logistics, but also hindered by a number of ethical difficulties. The analysis presented in this paper has significant practical value and draws on the unique professional perspective of the EMERCOM emergency psychologists who provide psychological support to people experiencing loss in an acute period — relatives and loved ones of those who died in emergencies. Objective. To give an outline of approaches to psychological support in cases of loss, of the factors influencing adaptation to a loss, and of the opportunities for early psychological interventions. Design. The theoretical overview presents the analysis of foreign experience and main approaches to announcing the death of a relative. The following section describes and analyses the main approaches and practical experience of the EMERCOM psychologists. The conclusion outlines the possibilities of a systematic approach to providing emergency psychological aid in cases of loss. Results. The study presents a list of characteristics of support providers, recipients and situations that need to be taken into account when choosing a strategy of work with people experiencing a recent loss. Conclusion. The study allows to single out three main thematic blocks, the consideration of which is necessary when choosing a strategy for dealing with loss in an acute period. First, features of the situation; second, characteristics of the person experiencing loss; third, the characteristic of the support provider. The process of psychological support, as described in the paper, includes assessment and consideration of the objective characteristics of the situation, the recipient’s characteristics and response, and the characteristics of the specialist himself. The interpretation of relationship between these factors and their influence on the condition of the person who experiences a loss allows the psychologist to choose the most effective strategy for providing psychological support.
Emergency situations, due to the suddenness of occurrence and catastrophic consequences, have an extremely high degree of danger to the mental health of people. The authors are of the opinion that effectively implemented measures to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations in an acute period contribute to the preservation of human mental health and are an important component of the ability to return to normal life after experiencing tragic events. This article analyzes the experience of the specialists of the psychological service of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in eliminating the consequences of six large-scale emergencies that occurred in the period from 2009 to 2019 in the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the examples of liquidation of the consequences of specific large-scale emergencies, the basic principles of organizing the activities of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia are considered, the directions of work and tasks faced by specialists when working in emergency situations, as well as the technologies of organizing work to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims, used by specialists of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergencies Russia. General approaches to the provision of emergency psychological assistance to victims and relatives of those killed and injured are outlined, two groups of objective parameters that have a direct impact on the organization of the work of specialists and how the specifics of the situation and the region can affect the planning and implementation of measures to provide emergency psychological assistance are described. The authors describe the groups of objective characteristics inherent in a particular emergency situation and determine the importance of taking them into account when planning, organizing and implementing emergency psychological assistance measures.
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