Stress reaction of the organism is a process occurring at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. The organism responds to any adverse effect with a multi-level reaction, which causes the development of stress and, as a result, adaptation. The damaging effect is due to the excessive strengthening of another adaptive effect – lipotropic, that increases the activity of phospholipases and the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids through the catecholamines and protein kinases. The changes in the immune system during the adaptation stage are to maintain antigenic homeostasis of the internal environment of the organism due to lymphoid cells, lymphocytes and cytokines. Almost all cells with antigen representation function are capable to produce interleukins under certain conditions. The vascular system is a kind of an indicator of any pathological process, determining the state of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, the features of the connective tissue matrix. Stress causes a restructuring of metabolism and physiological functions, which increases the organism’s resistance to acute death. Thus, the physiological meaning of the stress reaction is the emergency mobilization of energy and structural resources of the organism and the creation of positive background for the implementation of reactions, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in extreme situations.
A comparative analysis was carried out of the parameters of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant protection in fertile and infertile men of two ethnic groups (Caucasians and Mongoloids), who were carriers of different genotypes of xenobiotic biotransformation genes (GSTT1 and GSTM1). In serum and ejaculate, we determined the content of TBA-active products, α-tocopherol, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and glutathione reductase (GR); and total antioxidant activity (AOA). It was found that in Caucasian fertile men, carriers of genotypes GSTT1(*0/*0)/GSTM1(*0/*0), there was a decrease in GST activity in serum and ejaculate with an increase in AOA in these substrates in comparison with similar indicators in carriers of genotypes GSTT1(1+/1+)/GSTM1(1+/1+). In Mongoloid fertile men, carriers of genotypes GSTT1(*0/*0)/GSTM1(*0/*0), in comparison with similar indices in carriers of genotypes GSTT1(1+/1+)/GSTM1(1+/1+), we found an increase in serum content of α-tocopherol and activity of GPO, a decrease in GST activity, and a decrease in the level of α-tocopherol in the ejaculate. In Caucasians with infertility, carriers of genotypes GSTT1(*0/*0)/GSTM1(0*/*0), we found decreased activity of GST in the blood and ejaculate. In this group, we also registered a decrease in the GSH level, with an increase in the level TBA-active products and GPO activity. In infertile Mongoloids, carriers of genotypes GSTT1(*0/*0)/GSTM1(*0/*0), we found an increase in the level TBA-active products and GPO activity and a decrease in serum α-tocopherol level.
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