Coverage of hospitalized patients with documented VTE risk assessment gradually increased after the CDSS implementation, but remained at a low level (19% of eligible patients). Partly it may be attributed to the lack of CDSS integration in electronic health record or computerized physician order entry systems that would facilitate routine documentation of VTE and bleeding risks. However, the introduction of CDSS has allowed reducing significantly the rate of hospital-acquired VTE. This can be explained by drawing doctor's attention to the VTE problem and by training effect of CDSS. After receiving appropriate recommendations doctors adhere to them, on average, in 85.4% of cases, although for LMWH pharmacoprophylaxis this level was lower (74.6%). Development of hospital-acquired VTE in most cases (74%) was accompanied by non-compliance with CPGs recommendations, emphasizing the importance of additional measures for better adherence to evidence-based clinical practices.

Введение. Антикоагулянты (АК) являются лекарственными средствами (ЛС) высокого риска причинения вреда пациенту. Безопасность применения АК во многом зависит от соблюдения врачами клинических руководств и инструкций по медицинскому применению ЛС. Цель. Проанализировать выполнение врачами стационара клинических рекомендаций и инструкций по медицинскому применению АК у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и тромбозом глубоких вен (ТГВ). Материал и методы. В ретроспективное когортное исследование включено 100 пациентов с ФП или ТГВ, пролеченных в 2016-2017 гг. в многопрофильном стационаре г. Москвы. С помощью системы поддержки принятия решения (СППР) лекарственные назначения в историях болезни сопоставлялись с клиническими руководствами и инструкциями по медицинскому применению АК для выявления отклонений от рекомендаций по назначению АК (соблюдение показаний/противопоказаний и режима дозирования АК). Результаты. Из 50 пациентов с ФП антикоагулянтная терапия в стационаре была назначена 43 (86%) пациентам, включая 20 (46,5%) назначений прямых оральных антикоагулянтов (ПОАК), 17 (39,5%) варфарина и 6 (14%)-низкомолекулярных гепаринов (НМГ). Для пациентов с ТГВ структура назначений АК в качестве основной терапии составила: 39,5% ПОАК, 33,5% НМГ и 27% варфарин. Уровень приверженности врачей рекомендациям по назначению АК пациентам с ФП и ТГВ (соблюдение показаний и противопоказаний) был равен 88%. При несоблюдении рекомендаций по назначению АК частота нежелательных лекарственных событий была статистически значимо выше, чем при соблюдении рекомендаций (34% против 11%, соответственно; отношение шансов (ОШ) 3,9; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,9-15,3; p=0,045). Врачи соблюдали рекомендации по режиму дозирования АК в 63,5% случаях. При несоблюдении рекомендаций по дозированию АК прямые затраты в стационаре на терапию АК были статистически значимо выше, чем при соблюдении: 4,04 тыс руб (интерквартильный размах, interquartile range, IQR=7,501 тыс руб) против 1,13 тыс руб (IQR=5,911 тыс руб), соответственно; p=0,02. Заключение. Несоблюдение клинических рекомендаций и инструкций по медицинскому применению АК может повышать риск развития нежелательных лекарственных событий и увеличивать стоимость антикоагулянтной терапии. СППР является перспективным инструментом как для клинического аудита антикоагулянтной терапии, так и для повышения приверженности врачей клиническим рекомендациям при назначении АК пациентам с ФП и ТГВ. Ключевые слова: антикоагулянты, фибрилляция предсердий, тромбоз глубоких вен, нежелательные лекарственные события, приверженность клиническим рекомендациям.

Background. Failure of continuity at care transitions results in 50% of all medication errors and up to 20% of adverse drug events (ADEs). In surgical patients medication errors occur more often than in medical patients due to perioperative corrections of medications and greater number of in-hospital transitions. The frequency of ADE in surgical patients varies from 2.3 to 27.7%. Aims to determine the prevalence and structure of unintentional discrepancies (UDs) in medications at admission to and discharge from surgery departments, report their potential clinical impact and analyse possible risk factors. Methods. Retrospective observational study was conducted in a general hospital in Russia. The study included patients hospitalized for elective surgery in Surgical Departments from January to June 2019. The pre-admission Best Possible Medication History (BPMH) for every patient was obtained. The BPMHs were compared with admission medication orders and hospital discharge prescriptions to identify UDs. Detected UDs were analysed for potential ADE with severity evaluation. Results. 206 patients were included, 55.83% were female, mean age 63.85 (9.38), median of chronic medications was 3 drugs. At least one UD was detected in 70.87% of patients at admission and in 92.72% at discharge, respectively, with averages of 1.30 and 2.81 discrepancies per patient. Cardiovascular drugs were the most frequent class involved at both admission (72.2%) and discharge (68.05%) in UDs. The most often UDs at both admission (51.68%) and discharge (94.65%) were omissions, incorrect dose (22.47% and 2.25%), and additional medications (11.6% and 1.55%). UDs had the potential to cause significant ADEs in 81.27%, serious ADEs in 18.35% of cases. Only 0.37% of UDs could contribute to life-threatening ADEs. The relative risk of discrepancies in patients of 60 years and older was 1.292-fold higher; three and more chronic medications increase risk 1.565-fold; diabetic or thyroid medications increase risk 1.932-fold. Conclusions. We reported on the first study of medication discrepancies conducted in Russian hospital. Estimated frequency, structure and risk factors of UDs in medications at admission to and discharge from surgery departments are similar to those from other countries. To decrease UDs in medications, implementation of medication reconciliation is needed.

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Aim. To study the structure of anticoagulant prescription in a general hospital to identify trends and contributing factors.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in an urban general hospital. According to retrospective retrieval from electronic health records, total 17,129 patients received anticoagulants from 2008 to 2018. Formal appropriateness of oral anticoagulants (OАС) prescriptions for 6,638 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was analyzed with CHA2-DS2-VASc score.Results. Appearance of recommendations for the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) prescription in clinical guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and AF management contributed to steady increase in the DOAC taking and decrease in the proportion of warfarin prescription. From 2011 to 2018, the proportion of patients with DOACs prescription increased from 1.7% to 81.5%. The most common indications for anticoagulant were ischemic stroke prevention in AF and VTE with mean rate 75.3% and 23.2%, respectively for the 2011-2018 period. Steady increase in low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prophylactic prescriptions was also shown (Chi-square for linear trend=1340, df=1, p<0.0001). Since 2014, the prescription of LMWH in prophylactic doses increased dramatically, probably related to implementation of computerized decision support system (CDSS) for VTE prevention in the hospital.Conclusion. The study showed that in a general hospital anticoagulants were prescribed in 19% of hospitalized patient. Not only the new clinical recommendations based on the results of the recent studies on anticoagulants efficacy and safety (external factors), but also implementation standard operating protocols and CDSS, providing physicians current information about the relevant clinical recommendations (internal changes), could influence the appropriateness of anticoagulants prescription.

Background. In 819% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with anticoagulant therapy (ACT), hemorrhagic complications occur, including due to excess doses of AC. At the same time, ACT is necessary for patients with AF, since anticoagulants effectively reduces the risk of ischemic stroke. To make a decision on the appointment of ACT, it is necessary to correlate the risks of ischemic stroke and bleeding, this requires knowledge of current clinical using ACT recommendations and instructions. Among patients admitted to hospital, 30% receive ACT, so increasing adherence to clinical recommendations for prescribing AC to patients with AF by doctors of various profiles is an urgent task. Aim. To analyze the adherence of physicians to recommendations for prescribing ACT before and after the introduction of decision support system (DSS) in patients with AF in a multi-specialty hospital. Materials and methods. A single-center non-randomized study with historical control to assess adherence to recommendations based on the analysis of medical prescriptions and the structure of drug errors in patients with AF in a multi-specialty hospital in Moscow before and after the introduction of DSS. Compliance with the recommendations of physicians was evaluated in the sections indications /contraindications to AC and dosage regimen of AC. The presence of deviations from the clinical recommendations /instructions for medical use of AC was regarded as management of the patient with non-compliance with recommendations. Physicians adherence level to recommendations was calculated as the ratio of cases of compliance with recommendations to the total number of cases. Results. In the control and experimental groups, there was a significant increase in the proportion of POAC at discharge in comparison with admission to hospital: from 54.5 to 76.8% (p=0.0005) and from 63 to 85.7% (p=0.0002), respectively. However, only in the experimental group it was possible to significantly reduce the number of patients without a prescribed ACT (if there are indications) from 7.6 to 1% (p=0.04) in comparison with admission. During the study, it was possible to significantly increase physicians adherence level to the recommendations for the AC dosage regimen in patients with AF from 59% (44 discrepancies for 107 prescriptions) to 84.6% (16 discrepancies for 104 prescriptions); p0.005. Before the introduction of the DSS, the analysis of drug prescriptions revealed 56 drug errors (0.5 errors per patient), after the introduction of the DSS, the number of drug errors significantly decreased to 21 (0.2 errors per patient); p0.05. After the introduction of DSS, the number of sub-therapeutic doses of AC was reduced from 31 (27.7%) to 8 (7.6%); p0.05. Conclusion. The level of adherence to the recommendations for prescribing ACT to patients with AF in the hospital is high. The use of DSS increases the level of adherence to the recommendations on the AC dosage regimen in patients with AF, as well as eliminates errors in calculating the risk of ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolic complications, and contributes to reducing the frequency of prescribing sub-therapeutic doses of AC.