Purpose. To find out the peculiarities of sugar beet productivity formation under the application of plant growth regulators. Methods. Laboratory, field. Results. Seed treatment using growth regulators provided a significant increase in the intensity of germination in the laboratory and in the field, in the plant density and uniformity of crops. The use of the Stoller's growth regulators in seed and crops treatment under the conditions of unstable and sufficient moisture has ensured a significant increase in the weight of root, which contributed to an increase in root yield. Particularly, when sowing treated seeds and treated seeds following by spraying crops, or only for spraying crops with studied growth regulators, a significant increase in root yield and sugar content compared to control was obtained. Conclusions. The newest growth regulators by Stoller, namely Stimulate, Bioforge, Sugar Mover and Nitrate Balancer, are effective for intensification of plant growth and development and increasing sugar beet productivity; therefore they can be effective elements of modern cultivation technologies.
various insecticides on sugar beet crops and their effect on the useful entomofauna and reduction of the number of beetroot weevil have been analysed. It was found that application of insecticides of various origins at different doses for the protection of sugar beet sprouts from pests in the period from 1981 to 1985 per 100,000 hectares at an average number of treatments of 2.6 totaled 260,000 hectares. In that period, 1,404,000 liters (1404 tons) of insecticides were spent at the average application rate of 5.4 L/ha. Since 1986, when systemic pesticides introduced, the total area of spraying crops with pesticide solutions significantly decreased and in 2001, it was 10,000 hectares with an insecticide expenditure rate of only 1 ton per 10,000 hectares. The population of beetroot weevil for the period of 1985-2015 decreased 1.72 fold in root storage places and 3 fold in sugar beet sowings. At the same time, the number of useful entomofauna representatives, in particular, of Carabidae family, while absent until 1990, increased significantly and in the period from 1991 to 2015 numbered 2.1-3.8 per 1 m 2. In addition, such useful insects as malachiid beetle, sulphide fly, goldeneye and Caenocrepis bothynoderis Grom. feed on the various stages of the beetroot weevil development. Bacterial diseases, namely foulbrood and others also regulate beetroot weevil population. Accordingly, entomophages inhibit the massive reproduction of the phytophags and maintain their population density at a certain level. The localization of pesticides on the seed material is an advanced way of the pest control for all crops. This method of control fully meets the requirements to formulations in regard to plant protection from pests and the environment protection from chemical contamination.
Мета. Визначити фенотиповий ступінь домінування енергії проростання, схожості насіння та маси 1000 насінин у гібридів цукрових буряків закріплювачів стерильності, отриманих за діалельною схемою, та типи успадкування цих ознак у потомстві. Методи. До аналізу було залучено 5 ліній закріплювачів стерильності, відібраних за комплексом господарсько-цінних ознак та 20 їх діалельних гібридів. Схрещування проводили на ділянках вільного перезапилення за повною діалельною схемою, посівні якості насіння визначали за ДСТУ 2292-93. Ступінь фенотипового прояву кількісних ознак (оцінка домінантності hp) порівняно з батьківськими формами визначали за формулою G. M. Beil, R. E. Atkins. Результати. Визначено складові посівної якості насіння у закріплювачів стерильності й визначено перспективні для подальшої селекції лінії. Кращими лініями за енергією проростання визнано лінії ОТ 1 та ОТ 4, за схожістю -ОТ 3 та ОТ 4. Проведено розподіл діалельних гібридів за типом успадкування ознак. За енергією проростання вони розподілилися таким чином: депресія і проміжне успадкування -по 25 %, позитивне і від'ємне домінування -по 20 %, наддомінування -10 %. За схожістю насіння спостережено аналогічну тенденцію; за масою 1000 насінин 40 % гібридів проявили гетерозис. Висновок. Посівні якості гібридного насіння поєднують спадкові властивості обох батьківських компонентів. Переважаючим типом успадковування енергії проростання і схожості насіння є депресія та від'ємне домінування, маси 1000 насінин -депресія і наддомінування. У прямих і зворотних гібридів виявлено вплив реципрокних ефектів на фенотиповий прояв складових посівної якості насіння, що має значення під час створення джерел поліпшених ознак чи рекомбінатних форм як нових вихідних матеріалів.Ключові слова: енергія проростання, схожість насіння, маса 1000 насінин, оцінка домінантності, гібридне насіння, тип успадкування.
Goal. The goal of the research is to study the effectiveness of biological preparation made on the basis of fungi of the genus Trichoderma (T. hamatum) (isolated from the mixed forests ground litter in Zhytomyr region) against the causative agent of sugar beet black rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium javanicum and Rhizoctonia solani); to determine the most effective way of application of the examined strain of the fungus against the sugar beet black rot agents; to study its influence on the initial plant growth and development as well as the indices of sugar beet productivity. Methods. The methods used during the research work include field studies, laboratory studies, field and laboratory studies. The field tests were conducted in the conditions of Uladovo-Liulynetska experimental plant selection station. The sugar beet black rot agents wereselected and identified in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. Results. It has been ascertained that the application of the fungus strain T. hamatum ZH-6 against the sugar beet black rot agents directly into the soil during the sugar beet cropping proved to be the most effective way of its usage. The simultaneous application of T. hamatum ZH-6 with row fertilizers leads to an increase in the density of sugar beet seedlings by 0,6pieces per linear meter in the phase of the first pair of leaves, and by 1.1 pieces per linear metering the phase of the second pair of leaves, compared to the control variant. The application of the fungus strain T. hamatum ZH-6 contributes to a decrease in the degree of development of black rot in sugar beet seedlings by 31.9% as compared to the control variant. However, it`s efficiency is 10.4% lower than that one obtained from the seed treatment with the chemical Tachigaren, 70%WP. The extra yield of sugar beets under condition of simultaneous application of Trichoderma hamatum ZH-6 strain with the row fertilizers amounts to 6.2 t/ha in comparison with the absolute control. Conclusions. It has been proved that the use of the strain of the fungus T. hamatum ZH-6 by means of its application into the soil during sowing allows to protect sugar beets from the black rot agents and obtain a yield increase in the range of 6.2 t/ha.
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