No abstract

RNA interference is a useful tool to evaluate pathogenic mechanisms of M. canis. For the first time, a role in pathogenicity could be attributed to a protease of a dermatophyte, namely Sub3 from M. canis, which is required for adherence to but not for invasion of the epidermis.

No abstract

The diagnosis of canine SNA is more likely to be confirmed following culture of mucosal biopsies or fungal plaques than nasal secretions sampled blindly with swabs. Incubating cultures at 37 degrees C is more likely to provide a diagnostic outcome than when samples are cultured at room temperature. Fungal culture of nasal specimens has good specificity for the diagnosis of SNA in dogs.

-Two successive batches of 32 fattening pigs per batch were each divided into 2 homogenous groups of 16 pigs fed either a high crude protein (CP) level diet (HP-groups) or a low crude protein level diet balanced with synthetic amino acids (LP-groups). Pigs were raised on strawbased deep litters in separate rooms according to diets. Once a month, the emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapour (H 2 O) were measured continuously for 6 days consecutively. The mean nitrogen (N) intakes of pigs from HPgroups and LP-groups were 6.83 kg and 5.78 kg per pig respectively with mean initial and final pig body weights of 26.6 and 111.4 kg. There was no significant difference between the daily weight gains with regards to the diet CP content. At the end of the fattening periods, the N-contents of the litters were on average 1.84 kg per pig for the HP-groups and 1.56 kg per pig for the LP-groups. Gaseous emissions in the room with LP-groups were, compared with the emissions in the room with HP-groups, 26.1% lower for NH 3 (10.60 vs. 14.35 g per pig per day), 12.8% lower for CH 4 (13.12 vs. 15.04 g per pig per day) and 2 times higher for N 2 O (1.02 vs. 0.52 g per pig per day). The emissions of CO 2 and H 2 O were not significantly different according to the diet CP level.fattening pig / crude protein / ammonia / nitrous oxide / methane Résumé -Effets d'une réduction de la teneur en protéine brute de l'aliment sur les émissions de gaz associées à l'élevage de porcs charcutiers sur litières accumulées. Deux lots successifs de 32 porcs charcutiers par lot ont été chacun subdivisés en 2 groupes de 16 nourris soit avec un aliment à haute teneur en protéine brute (groupes HP) ou un aliment à faible teneur en protéine brute complémenté avec des acides aminés synthétiques (groupes FP). Les porcs ont été hébergés sur des litières accumulées de paille, dans des locaux distincts en fonction de l'aliment reçu.

BackgroundVesico-urethral function may be evaluated in humans and dogs by conventional urodynamic testing (cystometry and urethral pressure profilometry) or by electromyography. These techniques are performed under general anaesthesia in dogs. However, anaesthesia can depress bladder and urethral pressures and inhibit the micturition reflex. The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the use of telemetry for urodynamic investigation in dogs. We also aimed to determine the applicability of telemetry to toxicologic studies by assessing the repeatability of telemetric recordings.ResultsConventional diuresis cystometry was performed in six continent adult female Beagle dogs prior to surgical implantation of telemetric and electromyographic devices. In the first phase of the telemetric study, continuous recordings were performed over 8 days and nights. Abdominal, intravesical and detrusor threshold pressures (Pdet th), voided volume (Vv), urethral smooth muscle electrical activity and involuntary detrusor contractions (IDC) were measured during the bladder filling phase and during micturition episodes.Vv recorded during telemetry was significantly lower than bladder volume obtained by diuresis cystometry. Repeatability of telemetric measurements was greater for observations recorded at night. IDC frequency and Pdet th were both lower and Vv was higher at night compared to values recorded during daytime.In the second phase of the telemetric study, phenylpropanolamine, oestriol, bethanechol, oxybutynin or duloxetine were administered orally for 15 days. For each drug, continuous recordings were performed overnight for 12 hours on days 0, 1, 8 and 15. Electromyographic urethral activity was significantly increased 8 days after oestriol or duloxetine administration. No significant changes in bladder function were observed at any time point.ConclusionsIn dogs, the high repeatability of nocturnal telemetric recordings indicates that this technique could provide more informative results for urologic research. Urethral smooth muscle electrical activity appears to be modified by administration of drugs with urethral tropism. In this pilot telemetric study, bladder function was not affected by oral administration of urological drugs at their recommended clinical dosages. Experimental studies, (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) and clinical studies are warranted to further define the effects of these drugs on vesico-urethral function in dogs.

Although overall image quality was considered unchanged except for the hoof capsule, results suggested that changes induced in cadaver limbs following freezing and thawing, which are probably attributable both to modified and inhomogeneous temperature distribution and direct tissue damage, may alter the reliability of signal intensity in ex vivo MR examinations.

Objectives To determine whether there is a benefit of using pre‐ and postoperative antacid treatment in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic syndrome. To assess the use of an obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopy for the detection of dynamic gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities. Materials and Methods Thirty‐six client‐owned brachycephalic dogs were prospectively included in a randomised trial. Antacid treatment was randomly prescribed in 18 dogs before and after surgery while the other 18 dogs did not receive any gastrointestinal medical treatment. At presentation, at the time of surgery and at recheck, digestive clinical signs and gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities were assessed using specific scores. Gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities were assessed during endoscopy in standard conditions as well as during endotracheal tube obstruction. This manoeuvre was also applied in an unrelated control group. Results The results suggest a beneficial effect of antacid treatment on the improvement of digestive clinical signs and lesions in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome undergoing surgery. At postsurgical control 83% of dogs had a digestive clinical score ≤1 in the treated group in contrast to 44% in the non‐treated group and 39% of dogs had a gastro‐oesophageal abnormalities score (during obstruction manoeuvre) ≤1 in the treated group in contrast to 16.7% in the non‐treated group. The use of the obstruction manoeuvre during endoscopic assessment in a control group revealed that gastro‐oesophageal junction movements are negligible in healthy animals. Clinical Significance The addition of antacid treatment during the pre‐ and postoperative period for brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery may result in a faster and greater improvement in treated dogs. The obstruction manoeuvre is an interesting technique to improve detection of gastro‐oesophageal junction abnormalities.