Impact of successive freezing-thawing cycles on 3-T magnetic resonance images of the digits of isolated equine limbs

Bolen, Géraldine; Haye, Dimitri; Dondelinger, Robert; Massart, L; Busoni, Valéria

doi:10.2460/ajvr.72.6.780

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…During the arthroscopic procedure a moderate amount of gas was inadvertently but unavoidably introduced into the joint space creating magnetic susceptibility artifacts in the subsequent imaging studies and thus the interpretation of the images was made more difficult compared to the more normal clinical circumstances since some of these gas bubbles may be located adjacent to the artificially created defects and therefore obscuring them. Considering the ex vivo nature of this study and that after collection, all specimens were frozen for a variable period prior to imaging, it is possible that postmortem change and freeze–thaw effects could have led to worsening of artifacts identified on cross‐sectional imaging studies . These artifacts include decrease contrast between different tissues when temperature is around 0°C or a central signal reduction artefact, resembling an isotherm distribution .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and arthrography to identify artificially induced cartilage defects of the equine carpal joints

Sánchez-Andrade

Richter

Kühn

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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While articular cartilage changes are considered to be one of the initial events in the pathological cascade leading to osteoarthritis, these changes remain difficult to detect using conventional diagnostic imaging modalities such as plain radiography. The aim of this prospective, experimental, methods comparison study was to compare the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance arthrography, computed tomography (CT), and CT arthrography in the detection of artificially induced articular cartilage defects in the equine carpal joints. Defects were created in the antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal joint using curettage by a board-certified equine surgeon. Normal articular cartilage thickness varied from a maximum of 1.22 mm at the level of the distal aspect of the radius to a minimum of 0.17 mm in the proximal articular surface of the third carpal bone. Regarding cartilaginous defect measurements the remaining cartilaginous bed range from a maximum of 0.776 mm in the partial thickness defects, and 0 mm (defect reaches the subchondral bone) when total thickness defect were made. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed followed by CT arthrography and magnetic resonance arthrography after antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal intraarticular contrast administration. All images were reviewed by two board-certified veterinary radiologists, both of whom were blinded to the location, presence of, and thickness of the cartilage defects. A total number of 72 lesions in nine limbs were created. Mean sensitivity for localizing cartilage defects varied between imaging modalities with CT arthrography showing the best sensitivity (69.9%), followed by magnetic resonance arthrography (53.5%), MRI (33.3%), and CT (18.1%) respectively. The addition of contrast arthrography in both magnetic resonance and CT improved the rate of cartilage lesion detection although no statistical significance was found. Computed tomographic arthrography displayed the best sensitivity for detecting articular cartilage defects in the equine antebrachiocarpal and middle-carpal joints, compared to magnetic resonance arthrography, MRI, and CT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and arthrography to identify artificially induced cartilage defects of the equine carpal joints

Sánchez-Andrade

Richter

Kühn

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Similar equine research studies described severe changes in MR image quality of soft tissues after freezing [16]. To prove, whether the image quality suffered in post-mortem or frozen-thawed soft tissues in the current study, the image quality and visibility of the pulp, PDL, mucosa of the sinuses and infra-orbital canal’s soft tissue were additionally evaluated in group B and C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Most of these research examinations have been performed with cadaveric heads and some imaging procedures are performed on frozen and thawed heads. A decrease of the magnetic resonance (MR) signal was described for equine limbs when evaluating defined structures immediately post-mortem and frozen-thawed [16]. Regarding equine dental imaging, there is currently a lack of information about whether the image quality suffers in equine heads post-mortem or frozen-thawed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe use of cadavers for radiology research methodologies involving subjective image quality evaluation of anatomical criteria is well-documented. The purpose of this method comparison study was to evaluate the image quality of dental and adjacent structures in computed tomography (CT) and high-field (3 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cadaveric heads, based on an objective four-point rating scale. Whilst CT is a well-established technique, MR imaging (MRI) is rarely used for equine dental diagnostics. The use of a grading system in this study allowed an objective assessment of CT and MRI advantages in portraying equine cheek teeth. As imaging is commonly performed with cadaveric or frozen and thawed heads for dental research investigations, the second objective was to quantify the impact of the specimens’ conditions (in vivo, post-mortem, frozen-thawed) on the image quality in CT and MRI.ResultsThe CT and MR images of nine horses, focused on the maxillary premolar 08s and molar 09s, were acquired post-mortem (Group A). Three observers scored the dental and adjacent tissues. Results showed that MR sequences gave an excellent depiction of endo- and periodontal structures, whereas CT produced high-quality images of the hard tooth and bony tissues. Additional CT and MRI was performed in vivo (Group B) and frozen-thawed (Group C) in three of these nine horses to specify the condition of the best specimens for further research. Assessing the impact of the specimens’ conditions on image quality, specific soft tissues of the maxillary 08s and 09s including adjacent structures (pulps, mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, periodontal ligament, soft tissue inside the infraorbital canal) were graded in group B and C and analysed for significant differences within CT and MR modalities in comparison to group A. Results showed that MRI scores in vivo were superior to the post-mortem and frozen-thawed condition.ConclusionsOn comparing the imaging performance of CT and MRI, both techniques show a huge potential for application in equine dentistry. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical suitability of MRI. For further research investigations it must be considered, that the best MR image quality is provided in live horses.

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“…Therefore, most likely, no abnormalities were present at the level of the bone at the place of contact during induced hyperextension as MRI has a high sensitivity for the detection of abnormalities at the level of subchondral bone such as bone sclerosis or bone bruise (Smith et al., ). However, it is possible that post‐mortem changes and freeze–thaw effects could have an effect on the MR images as freezing–thawing processes can induce changes of the signal‐to‐noise ratio in images and may alter the reliability of signal intensity in ex vivo MRI examinations (Bolen et al., ). In contrast, it has been reported that there is no subjective difference between images of the same digits obtained before death and after post‐mortem freezing and thawing (Murray et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If radiographic abnormalities were detected at the level of one of the MCP/MTP joints of a horse, that horse was excluded from the study and new specimens were collected until a total of 20 normal joints originating from five horses were collected. Before the MRI examination, limbs were thawed at ambient temperature for 24 h. It has been proven that this procedure has the least influence on image quality (Bolen et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Dorsal Proximal Synovial Plica of the Equine Metacarpo‐/Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Hauspie

Vanderperren

Gielen

et al. 2014

Anat Histol Embryol

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A synovial plica is present at the dorsoproximal aspect of the fetlock joint. The objective of this study was to describe the location of the synovial plica during induced hyperextension using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. For this study 20 cadaver limbs from five Warmblood horses were used. Measurements were made of the dorsal; palmar/plantar length and the thickness of the plica with the joint in a normal position. During induced hyperextension of the joint, the position of the plica was described; the dorsal angle of extension and angle of contact between the proximal phalanx (P1) and the condyle were measured. The dorsal length differed between front/hind limbs and between the medial/lateral aspect of the joint. The angle of contact between P1 and condyle differed between front/hind limbs; between the lateral and medial aspect of the joint and between different positions of the plica. Four different positions of the plica were observed: shortened with the tip curved towards palmar/plantar; projecting distally; projecting towards dorsal and projecting distally with the tip interposed between P1 and the condyle. During induced hyperextension, a close relation is present between the synovial plica, P1 and the condyle with a variable position of the plica; which is suggestive for a contact interface between P1 and the metacarpal/metatarsal bone. However the plica does not seem to act consistently as a cushioning surface.

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Impact of successive freezing-thawing cycles on 3-T magnetic resonance images of the digits of isolated equine limbs

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and arthrography to identify artificially induced cartilage defects of the equine carpal joints

Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and arthrography to identify artificially induced cartilage defects of the equine carpal joints

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Dorsal Proximal Synovial Plica of the Equine Metacarpo‐/Metatarsophalangeal Joint

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