The article deals with the possibility of using feed additives in the feeding of broiler chickens and the peculiarities of their effect on the poultry organism. Contemporary data on the biological role of nutrients and energy in the feeding of broiler chickens are presented. The characteristics of the main feeds for poultry and the ways of reducing their prime cost in the conditions of broiler farms are given. The basic principles of effective feeding of poultry with forages of different content of metabolic energy and crude protein are considered, taking into account their assimilation in the body. Provided compound feed recipes and practical tips. It is established that high growth rate of broiler chickens in the start and groove periods (5–39 days) is provided by high-protein compound feeds – 23% (1–2 weeks), 21% (3–5 weeks) and exchange energy of 298 kcal and 305 kcal, respectively. With further cultivation in the finish forage the protein content in the forage decreases and the level of metabolic energy increases (up to 309 kcal). However, for each cross applies its own technology of cultivation and different rates of nutrients in raw materials. It is clear that effective breeding of broiler chickens is not possible without the proper rationing and use of protein and feed energy. Of course, provided that the supply of biologically active substances also corresponds to the normalized amount. Thus, the quality of poultry products is directly dependent on the quality of feed and the efficiency of transformation of feed energy into products.
The article the question of influence of feeding of the mixed fodders of different producers is considered on efficiency of growing of chickens-broilers. Results of research activities of efficiency of application of forage additions and basic forage are brought at growing of chickens-broilers in the conditions of poultry factory of the western region. It is determined that the combination of grain-growing components and concentrate 5 % LNB, that is added to the bulk of the mixed fodder, improves the power and biological value of the mixed fodders, in particular promotes genetic potential of modern cross-country race of “Ross-308”. Compounding the mixed fodders is brought and efficiency of application of concentrate is studied in feeding of chickens-broilers. Application of high-quality concentrate 5 % LNB in feeding of poultry provides more rationally and the economy use of feed. The results of researches are expounded in relation to the use of ВVMD and concentrate of LNB of different producers in feeding of chickens-broilers. It is determined that at application in the mixed fodders of concentrate 5 % LNB the productivity rises for chickens-broilers, the stored gets better to the sapling/pl and the charges of feed go down on unit of products. The mixed fodder is made from own feed raw material with addition of ВVMD, has more subzero productive action, however gives an opportunity to realize the modern level of genetic potential of the productivity of chickens-broilers of cross-country race of “Ross-308”. Use of concentrate of LNB in composition the mixed fodder, content of fat and albumen promote in pectoral muscles. Maybe anymore chickens-broilers consumed raw protein with a feed due to premix of LNB, the anymore albumen accumulated in pectoral muscles. Addition in the complement of premix of LNB of phytase protein of feed allows more effectively to use by a bird and to convert him into albumens of the products. The effective growing of chickens-broilers is impossible without the correct use of feed raw material, application and dosage of premix, quality mixing with a feed and technology of feeding of poultry.
The article highlights current data on the biological role of the most crucial feed nutrients - protein and lysine in the feeding of broiler chickens and their particular importance in the vital activity of the bird's body. A description of the value and quality of the main types of compound feed for poultry, recipes of compound feed with different protein and lysine content for specific age groups of broiler chickens, and practical advice on the peculiarities of feeding and rearing of poultry are given. Current brief information on amino acid feed additives and general features of more rational and practical use of various protein feed of both vegetable and animal origin in poultry feeding of meat crosses – grains of cereal crops, processed products of oil crops – soy, sunflower, and many other components are provided. Theoretically and experimentally, the expediency of using different essential feed protein sources, differing in amino acid composition and bioavailability, in poultry feeding rations has been substantiated. In particular, the main principles of adequate feeding of broilers with compound feed with an increased level of crude protein of vegetable origin and a lower level of animal protein are described. Brief information on the effectiveness of safe levels of lysine of synthetic origin in the diet based on a variety of local feeds when growing broiler chickens in the conditions of a poultry farm in the western region are presented. It was established that compound feed with a significantly increased protein content of various origins – 24 %, 22 % and 20 % – positively affects broiler chickens' productivity. The highest level of productivity was noted for the lysine content in broilers' compound feed in the first growing period – 1,22 %, in the second – 1,14 % and in the third – 1,09 %. The high quality, nutritional value, and beneficial effects of amino acid premixes are directly influenced by the available feed raw materials, mainly of vegetable origin, used for the production of compound feed in the conditions of a broiler poultry farm, the uniformity of mixing with the appropriate quality feed and the optimal dosage of amino acids in each portion of the feed mixture.
The article presents the results of determining the parameters of growth intensity in the geese of different genotypes in the process of creating a dimorphic population. It was found that in the geese of the Rhine and Large Gray breeds, dimorphic population, high rates of formation intensity were determined during the first three weeks of life, slightly lower – in the offspring of F1-F3. For the value of this criterion, a tendency to increase from the descendants of F1 to dimorphic geese. In most cases, the bird of the original breed was characterized by a higher growth rate than the hybrids. The highest values of the growth uniformity index are characteristic of Large Gray geese, which indicates a better gradual uniform development of their internal organs and systems compared to birds of other studied groups. F1 hybrid geese, having a high live weight at 9 weeks of age, were characterized by a higher value of growth uniformity. Dimorphic geese in this parameter predominated only in F2 hybrids. The growth uniformity index shows a high correlation with live weight of the geese at 9 weeks of age (r = 0.6518). This indicates that with its use it is possible with a high probability to predict the further live weight of the bird. High rates of absolute and relative growth and the index of uniformity of growth contribute to the formation of high live weight in geese of Large Gray breed in the early ontogenesis. This indicates their moderate type of growth, ie obtained close indicators of relative growth in adjacent age periods. The maximum values of the growth stress index were determined in poultry of the original breeds, which indicates a more uniform intense growth of young animals. The geese of the created dimorphic population, which outnumbered the descendants of the first-third generation, were also characterized by relatively high values of this indicator. The growth stress index shows a close correlation with the indicators of the intensity of formation (r = 0.9559). A negative correlation was established between the growth stress index and the value of the relative growth – r = -0.4033. With an increase in the growth stress index, an increase in the value of the average daily increase (r = 0.6934) is expected.
The article presents the results of descriptive modeling of egg production in geese of different genotypes to create a dimorphic population. T. Bridges' model in all groups of birds overestimated the egg-laying rates in the second and fifth months of egg-laying – by 0.41–7.63 % and 4.10–6.64 %, respectively. At the same time, in the fourth month of laying, she underestimated its value – by 4.13–6.91 %. In the middle of egg-laying, i.e., in the third month, this model most accurately described it – deviations of theoretical values from empirical ones were minimal (in the range of 0.37–2.43 %). In general, using the model of T. Bridges, the average percentage of deviations of the actual egg production from the empirical was 2.31– 4.37 %. The highest correspondence of essential indicators with those calculated among the studied groups was found in geese F2 (2.31 %). Using the model of F. Richards, similar trends in the mathematical description of egg-laying were observed. This model overestimated the value of egg production in geese of different genotype groups in the second (1.39–8.88 %) and fifth (5.00–7.43 %) months of egg-laying. In the fourth month, this model underestimated egg production in poultry in the range of 4.13–7.19 %. In general, the average percentage deviation of actual indicators theoretically determined by this model was low and was in the field of 2.47–5.07 %. Comparing the use of models of T. Bridges and F. Richards on geese of one group, we can note the higher efficiency of the first, i.e., higher accuracy of coincidence of actual and theoretical values of monthly egg production. Analysis of the coefficients of the models used among the geese of the studied groups shows that the most incredible exponential growth rate of the theoretical egg-laying curve is characteristic of the descendants of F1 and F2, while the function of T. Bridges is the lowest in the descendants of the third generation in the original breeds. According to the model of T. Bridges, the kinetic rate of increase of the theoretical curve according to the model T. Bridges is highest in birds F3, Rhine breed and created dimorphic geese, and according to the function of F. Richards – in F1, F2 and also in Rhine geese.
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