Objective. Based on the assessment of occupational and non-occupational risk factors, development of preventive measures for the reducing of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevalence among petrochemical workers. Material and Methods. A total of 2,634 petrochemical workers have been examined. To identify modified and unmodified risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, comprehensive hygienic and clinical laboratory studies have been carried out. Results. The obtained results have shown a higher riskfor the development of cardiovascular disease among operators as compared to metal workers for instrumentation and automation repairs. Based on the assessment of risk factors, preventive measures implemented at personal and corporative levels have been developed.
With the use of a one-stage method we have carried out hygienic studies of the air of work area of the production of continuous glass fiber. There was revealed the emission of epichlorohydrin, formaldehyde, ethane acid, hydrochloride, spray of mineral petroleum oil, fine glass fiber dust in air of the work area. There was established the combined effect of hazardous substances of unidirectional action with the summation effect on the body. Hazardous substances containing in glass fiber sizers in combination with dust of glass fiber against the background of microtraumatization of the hand skin contribute to the development of occupational skin neoplasms. The studies became the basis of the development of preventive measures aimed at the reduction of risks of the impact of the chemical factor impact on workers.
The production of synthetic materials - fiberglass and rubber-technical products, as well as products derived from oil refining wastes continues to grow. A characteristic feature of the working conditions of these enterprises is the content of chemicals of hazard class 1-4, which may be potentially hazardous to workers. It imperative to justify prenosological laboratory criteria for health problems of manufacturing workers. The results of the hematological, biochemical, immunological and cytochemical parameters among manufacturing workers are presented. Significant changes in the processes of oxidative metabolism, lipid metabolism, impaired immune status, and intracellular enzyme activity were found in a significant proportion of the workers. Changes were detected in workers even with a short work experience (5 years) and of young age (20-30 years). With an increase in the occupational length of service, the frequency of these disorders increased. Based on the results obtained, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in workers of diverse chemical industries are substantiated. Based on the results obtained, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in workers of diverse chemical industries are substantiated. For rubber manufacturing workers: increased malonic dialdehyde, reduced catalase activity, the activity of catalase is lowering; increased enzymes activity (AST, ALT, GGT), protein abnormalities, erythropenia, decreased hemoglobin levels, increased reticulocyte. For fiber glass manufacturing workers: indicators of the oxidative antioxidant system, hemograms - increased lymphocytes, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, increased CD3 +, increased CD4 +, CD 16+, CD 20 +, FAL, IgG, increased total protein, hyperfermentemia (GGT, ALT), changes in the intracellular enzymes activity - acid phosphatase of neutrophils and lymphocytes, decreased myeloperoxidase, increased glycogen levels. For olefin oxides manufacturing workers - this is hyperfermentemia (ALT, alkaline phosphatase), protein metabolism changes, increased red blood cells, reticulocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, leucopenia, decreased FAL, increased IgM, decreased IgA, IgG, changes in the intracellular enzymes activity - decrease myeloperoxidase, increase acid phosphatase of neutrophils and lymphocytes.
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