Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes — cells of adipose tissue, involved in the regulation of eating behavior, affecting the reproductive function, as well as the growth and Constitution of animals. In certain physiological conditions in cows, intensive use of their own fat reserves leads to excessive appearance of volatile fatty acids in the blood, which, in turn, become «satiety signals» and lead to a reduction in feed consumption. At this point, the genetic characteristics of the animal associated with the regulation of metabolism, eating behavior, contributing to or preventing the possible development of ketosis become particularly important. The aim of the research is to determine the possible influence of the leptin locus genotype (y7f, a80v, R25C polymorphisms) on the frequency of ketosis in cattle. We have genotyped Holstein breeding bulls (PCR/RFLP) belonging to WWS (USA) based on the A80V, R25C, and Y7F loci of the leptin gene, which were evaluated by their daughters and «ketosis resistance coefficients» (Wellness trait index (WT$) ketosis) were determined with a high level of confidence. It was found that the group of breeding bulls with the AARRYY genotype is distinguished by a significantly higher average index of «daughters' resistance to ketosis» compared to the AARCYY and AVCCYY groups, which may indicate that the AARRYY genotype in breeding bulls is one of the genetic factors protecting their daughters from the development of ketosis. In addition, 150 Holstein cows were genotyped using the same loci, of which 50 had ketosis and 100 were healthy. In the group of healthy Holstein cows, compared with the group of animals with ketosis and hepatopathology, the AARCYY genotype was three times more common.
The mechanisms of the pathogenesis of liver damages of various genesis include destabilization of hepatocyte membranes, depending on the initiation of lipid peroxidation. The article presents re-search to determine the characteristics of lipid peroxidation in cows with fatty liver dystrophy. It was found out that in highly productive Holstein cows with a diagnosis of fatty hepatosis, the pro-cesses of free radical lipid oxidation are activated with an increase in the concentration of all lipoperoxidation products (diene conjugates, ketodienes and malondialdehyde) in blood and milk. Moreover, in sick animals, the level of antioxidant defense indicators such as carotene, vitamin C and glutathione peroxidase decreases.
As a result of the study, new knowledge was obtained for the first time about the effect of the FXI locus polymorphism on the quality of reproduction in dairy cattle, the degree of influence of the FXI polymorphism on the frequency of development of pathologies of the reproductive organs, their clinical manifestation in individuals - carriers of the anomaly and healthy animals was established. The influence of the FXI locus polymorphism on embryonic and postembryonic mortality, clinical condition and safety of newborn calves in comparison with individuals without a genetic defect was determined.
This article shows the results of studies in the course of which in a comparative aspect the LEP polymorphism was studied in subpopulations of Holstein dairy cattle in cows with fatty hepatosis and in healthy animals. This is the first time such studies are being conducted. In this case, a hepothesis about the relationship of genetic markers, in particular the leptin gene, with the risk of developing and progression of fatty liver disease in a model of dairy cows when determining the frequency of occurrence of genotypes with LEP polymorphisms in groups of animals with hepatosis and healthy animals was studied. The aim of the research was to establish the possible influence of the genotype at the leptin locus (polymorphisms Y7F, A80V, R25C) on the frequency of occurrence of fatty hepatosis in dairy cows. In the course of studies on the A80V, R25C, Y7F loci of the leptin gene, 180 cows were genotyped, where 80 animals were diagnosed with fatty hepatosis and 100 animals were healthy. In the group of healthy Holstein cows, compared with the group of animals with pathology, the RC genotypes (R25C polymorphism) were significantly more frequent, the frequency of the CC genotype (R25C polymorphism), on the contrary, was much higher in the group of animals with fatty hepatosis. Similar trends were noted for another polymorphism (A80V).
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