Compounds such as pigments, antioxidants, and pro-vitamins A are found in carrots and beetroots and could increase the nutritional value of eggs when added to diets for laying hens. This research evaluated retinol concentrations and egg yolk colour with addition of freeze-dried carrot (Daucus carota L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) meal in the diets of 240 Hisex Brown laying hens. The hens were distributed in a completely randomized design in five groups according to five experimental diets: (1) maize and soybean meal; (2) sorghum and soybean meal; (3) sorghum and soybean meal plus 0.8% of freeze-dried carrot meal; (4) sorghum and soybean meal plus 0.8% of freeze-dried beetroot meal; (5) sorghum and soybean meal plus 0.4% of freeze-dried carrot meal and 0.4% freeze-dried beetroot meal. The diet containing maize and soybean meal resulted in a more intense egg yolk colour and higher retinol levels in comparison to other diets (P < 0.05). However, carrot meal increased egg yolk colour and beetroot meal increased egg yolk retinol concentration in comparison to sorghum and soybean meal diets (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 0.8% of the carrot and beetroot meal in the diet is not enough to reach the intensity of yolk colour and yolk retinol concentration obtained through the diet containing maize, however, it increases retinol level and yolk colour in comparison to the diet containing sorghum without carrot and beetroot meal.
RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para poedeiras semipesadas criadas em clima quente, após o pico de postura. Foram utilizadas 120 galinhas da linhagem Hisex Brown, com 48 semanas de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. As rações experimentais foram formuladas a base de milho e farelo de soja e os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco níveis de sódio (0,12; 0,17; 0,22; 0,27 e 0,32%) derivados do sal comum. Foram avaliados: consumo de ração (g), produção de ovos (%), peso dos ovos (g), massa de ovos (g), conversão alimentar por massa (kg/kg) e por dúzia (kg/dz) de ovos, gravidade específica (g/cm 3 ), espessura de casca (mm), elementos dos ovos, tais como, gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), viabilidade (%) e variação do peso corporal (g) das aves. Não foi verificado efeito (P>0,05) dos níveis de sódio sobre o peso da gema (g) e porcentagem de albúmen. Houve efeito linear (P<0,01) decrescente para o consumo de ração, diminuindo o consumo à medida que aumentou o nível de sódio na ração. Verificou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,01) para a produção de ovos, peso dos ovos, conversão alimentar por massa e dúzia de ovos, pesos de albúmen e casca, gravidade específica, espessura de casca e porcentagem de casca e gema (P<0,05). Os níveis de sódio analisados influenciaram os componentes dos ovos e o desempenho zootécnico das aves acima de 0,27%, negativamente. Recomenda-se a inclusão de 0,20% de sódio na ração de poedeiras semipesadas criadas em clima quente, após o pico de postura, para proporcionar melhor qualidade dos ovos e desempenho produtivo.Palavras-chave: gallus gallus domesticus, poedeiras comerciais, produção de ovos, sal comum. SODIUM LEVELS IN THE DIETS OF SEMI-HEAVY LAYING HENS REARED IN A HOT CLIMATE AFTER PEAK LAYABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to estimate the sodium (Na) requirements of semiheavy laying hens reared in a hot climate after peak lay. A total of 120 Hisex Brown hens, 48 weeks of age, were used. The birds were allocated in a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments, six replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets were formulated with corn and soybean meal and the treatments consisted of five levels of sodium (0.12, 0.17, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.32%) derived from common salt. The following parameters were evaluated: feed intake (g), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g), feed conversion (kg) per kilogram of eggs and per dozen eggs, specific gravity (g/cm 3 ), shell thickness (mm), egg components including egg yolk (g and %), albumin (g and %) and shell (g and %), viability (%), and variation in body weight (g) of the birds. There was no effect (P>0.05) of sodium levels on egg yolk weight (g) or albumin percentage. A decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) was observed for feed intake, which decreased with increasing sodium level in the diet. A quadra...
RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e qualidade física dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas criadas em regiões de clima quente, alimentadas com rações contendo óleo de soja ou sebo bovino. O período experimental teve duração de 63 dias, sendo dividido em três ciclos de 21 dias cada. Foram utilizadas 160 poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Hisex Brown, com 50 semanas de idade e peso inicial de 1,755 ± 0,172 kg. As aves foram criadas em sistema de piso, sendo alojadas em boxes. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, composto por dois tratamentos e cinco repetições, com 16 aves por unidade experimental (boxe). Foram formuladas duas dietas experimentais a base de milho e farelo de soja, com a inclusão de óleo de soja e sebo bovino constituindo os tratamentos um e dois respectivamente. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção de ovos (%), consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), massa de ovos (g/ave/ dia), conversão alimentar por massa de ovos (kg/kg), conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos (kg/dúzia), peso dos ovos, porcentagem da gema, albúmen e casca (%), gravidade específica (g/ cm 3 ), viabilidade das aves (%) e variação do peso corporal (g). Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. O uso de óleo de soja ou sebo bovino na ração, não influencia o desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas, criadas em regiões de clima quente.Palavras-chave: gordura, lipídios, peso do ovo, produção de ovos. SOYBEAN OIL AND BEEF TALLOW IN THE DIET OF SEMI-HEAVY LAYING HENS REARED IN HOT CLIMATE REGIONSABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and physical quality of eggs from semi-heavy laying hens reared in hot climate regions and fed diets containing soybean oil or beef tallow. The experiment had a duration of 63 days divided into three cycles of 21 days each. A total of 160 semi-heavy Hisex Brown laying hens at 50 weeks of age and with an initial weight of 1.755 ± 0.172 kg were used. The birds were reared in a floor system and housed in boxes. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and five replicates was used, with 16 birds per experimental unit (box). Two experimental diets based on corn and soybean meal were formulated and soybean oil or beef tallow was added, corresponding to treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The following parameters were evaluated: egg production (%), feed intake (g/bird/ day), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion per egg mass (kg/kg), feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dozen), egg weight, percentage of yolk, egg white and shell (%), specific gravity (g/cm3), animal viability (%), and body weight variation (g). No differences (P>0.05) were observed in any of the parameters studied. The dietary inclusion of soybean oil or beef tallow does not influence the productive performance or egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens reared in hot climate regions.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the inclusion of different natural pigment solutions in diets formulated with maize and sorghum solutions on the growth performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens created in hot climates. Throughout the conduction of this experiment, were used 252 laying hens of the Hisex Brow, in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, seven repetitions, and six birds per plot. The experimental diets were assigned with different energy sources and adding pigmentation solutions, diet 1 (corn), diet 2 (corn + annatto), diet 3 (corn + carrot), diet 4 (sorghum), diet 5 (sorghum + annatto), diet 6 (sorghum + Carrot). Afterward, being evaluated the performance and quality of eggs. It was observed significant difference with reference t egg production, egg weight (g), gem weight (g), the weight of shell (g), albumin in weight (g), and gem coloration (tons) among the treatments. There was no difference in the parameters of performance and quality of eggs evaluated, only the variable yolk color had a significant effect between treatments. Replacing the energy source of the corn diet with sorghum in the diet of laying hens at peak production provides similar performance and egg quality, which can be a substitute for quality and efficiency. The use of annatto and carrots as a natural pigmentation promotes greater pigmentation of the egg yolks of laying Hisex Brown eggs and does not impair the performance of the birds.
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