The Russian Federation ratified in 2012 the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2006. In this regard, the study of measures taken by the Russian Federation to create conditions for persons with disabilities and children with disabilities to lead an independent lifestyle, for the scientific substantiation of subsequent measures and the development of relevant legal regulations to ensure the ability of disabled people to lead an independent lifestyle in their chosen place of residence and integration into the local community in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is extremely relevant.The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the legislative, regulatory and methodological support for the realization of the rights of people with disabilities to lead an independent life, involving the choice of a place of residence, integration into the local community.Research methods: comparative legal, logical, historical, statistical. Research material: international legal acts, federal and regional legislation on providing disabled people and children with disabilities with the opportunity to lead an independent lifestyle, data on the number of disabled people living in stationary social service organizations.Research results. A non-complex elaboration in the legislation of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of issues of providing disabled people with the opportunity to lead an independent lifestyle has been established, specific shortcomings in the legal regulation of issues of ensuring the possibility of leading an independent lifestyle of disabled people have been identified at the federal and regional levels, normative and methodological acts have been developed that made it possible to start working out issues providing conditions and mechanisms for the implementation of an independent lifestyle for disabled people in their chosen place of residence, a positive trend has been established in the introduction of new technologies for the preparation and organization of assisted living for disabled people in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of pilot projects. Based on the results obtained, the draft Concept and the Set of Measures were developed to expand the opportunities for disabled people to lead an independent lifestyle in their chosen place of residence.Conclusion. In the country, at the federal and regional levels, the implementation of the provisions of the Convention has been carried out, expanding the realization of the rights of disabled people to lead an independent life in the local community and consistently creating conditions for the disabled to lead an independent lifestyle, introducing innovative technologies for preparing people with disabilities for independent living and monitoring of their implementation.
Introduction. Currently, assisted living technologies are actively developing in the Russian Federation. When receiving social services, education, promotion of employment, disabled people need to be accompanied. The effectiveness of these measures depends both on the conditions for the provision of services, the qualifications of accompanying persons, determining the required amount of support, on the ability of a disabled person to live independently and work, and on the readiness of the disabled person to be accompanied when receiving services, including a joint venture.Target. Rationale for the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health in assessing the degree of readiness of persons with disabilities to be accompanied when receiving services, including accompanied accommodation.Materials and methods. Analysis of the results of monitoring the development of joint venture technologies, presented by 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period 2020–2021 on a wide range of issues, including the organization of employment of people with disabilities who are on a permanent SP and employed people with disabilities, social employment of people with disabilities, training of people with disabilities who are on a permanent accompanied accommodation, organizing a accompanied accommodation in stationary social service institutions, etc., using the ICF in determining the readiness of people with disabilities to be accompanied.Results. The number of disabled people receiving services within the framework of accompanied accommodation was studied based on materials submitted from 85 subjects of the Russian Federation as of 01.10.2022. The monitoring analysis showed that in 80 subjects of the Russian Federation (94.1 %), work is underway to organize accompanied accommodation. In 2022, there is an increase in the number of disabled people receiving services within the framework of accompanied accommodation to 6649 people, of which 4245 people are on educational (training) accompanied accommodation, 2404 people are on permanent accompanied accommodation.Discussion. Using the methodology of the ICF, questionnaires were developed, as well as a methodology for assessing the readiness of persons with disabilities to be accompanied when receiving services, including accompanied accommodation, carried out using them.Conclusions. The developed criteria and methodology for their use make it possible to quantify the degree of readiness of persons with disabilities and children with disabilities to be accompanied when receiving services, including accompanied accommodation, and be used in the preparation of an individual support program.
For people with disabilities who have limitations that impede normal life activities, including due to disorders of mental functions, technologies of accompanied living are developing. Development of theoretical foundations for an expert assessment of the ability of citizens with physical / mental disorders to live independently to develop a financial and organizational model for providing them with the necessary social support services, as well as medical, educational and other services within the framework of support. Based on the methodology of the general scientific didactic method of cognition, universal scientific methods, methods and principles of rehabilitation and expert diagnostics are used. The indicators of the number of persons in need of accompanied accommodation were obtained as a result of monitoring in 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation according to a special methodology developed by Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled n. a. G.A. Albrecht of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. The conceptual framework of the ICF was used to develop the conceptual apparatus. The term living independently includes measurable criteria for the Activity and Participation Sections, with particular emphasis on the selfcare (d510599) and domestic life (d610699) domains. ICF criteria and domains have great internal coherence, mutual correspondence of clinical, clinicalpsychological and medicalsocial aspects of mental health disorders. In the light of the biopsychosocial model of disability, the following factors have been identified that affect the ability of persons with mental disorders to live independently and be able to work: biomedical factors, factors of activity and participation, personal factors. The theoretical foundations for assessing the ability of persons with mental disorders to live independently, including with accompaniment, are based on the principles of humanism, interiorization, normalization of life for those living in inpatient institutions, an integrated approach, maximum objectification, measurability and uniformity. For these purposes, criteria have been developed using the Unified ICF Assessment Scale. The developed criteria for assessing the ability of persons with mental impairments to live independently, including with an accompaniment, will make it possible to solve questions about the form of life and employment of citizens with mental disorders, introduce inpatientreplacing technologies and carry out the downsizing of inpatient institutions.
The relevance of the development of developing experience and methodological support of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To organize activities to provide activities aimed at the development of the direction, the experience of St. Petersburg, as a subject of the leader in the Russian Federation in the development of technologies for accompanied accommodation, was studied and analyzed. The study was conducted on the basis of the results of the annual monitoring study of materials submitted by the executive authorities of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the organization of technologies for accompanied accommodation.As a result of the study, the main activities in the development of this direction in St. Petersburg were identified: expanding the regional list of social services provided by social service providers; assigning disabled people of working age with intellectual disabilities to a separate social group; developing recommended individual social service programs, including: for disabled people of working age with intellectual disabilities when living in social apartments, development of industry-specific technological regulations for the provision of measures to support disabled people, creation of equal opportunities to enter the social services market for both state and non-state social service organizations, implementation of infrastructure measures, identification of financial sources, etc. The use by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of recommendations on reforming the regional regulatory legal framework and the implementation of key events will allow introducing the best practices of St. Petersburg in organizing various forms of accompanied residence.
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