This study was designed to investigate the median nerve cross-sectional area of the upper extremity which is the main cause of CTS in the 20s and 30s. The median nerve cross-sectional area (MNC-area) of each part of the upper limb was measured in healthy 20s and 30s females and males without neurological diseases or other diseases. This MNC-area was compared with the hand, wrist, finger, and other body indexes. The research group was divided into 20s female and male groups, and the 30s were also divided into female and male groups. In the comparison between the ages, the hand, and wrist configurations in the 30s were significantly higher than those of the 20s. The mean median nerve cross-sectional area was significantly larger in the male group than in the female group in both 20s and 30s, and it was larger in both men and women than in the 20s. Hand and wrist configurations were also positively correlated with the median nerve cross-sectional area in both 20s and 30s. The median values of hand ratio and wrist ratio were 2.26 and 0.65, respectively. This median value of hand ratio was inversely correlated with the median nerve cross-sectional area. The median nerve cross-area of the 20s was 6.88~7.38 mm 2 in the male group and 5.69~6.99 mm 2 in the female group, respectively. The median nerve cross-area of the 30s was 6.32~8.89 mm 2 in the male group and 6.15~7.17 mm 2 in the female group, respectively. The mean median nerve cross-sectional area was positively correlated with body mass index in both groups. Most of the variables were higher in their 30s than in their 20s.
Abstract. This study was performed to elucidate the effects of anion in the rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Rats were divided four groups: control (group I, n=10), arthritis (group II, n=10), arthritis with non-operation of anion generator (group III, n=10) and arthritis with operation of anion generator (group IV, n=10). Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured and histological findings of knee joints were observed in all groups. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels in group III and IV were significantly lower than those of group II. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels in group IV were significantly lower than those of group III. The inflammatory and damage degrees on the knee joints were lower in group III and IV than in group II. The degree of joint injury in group IV was less than that of group III. We first revealed that anions made by anion-generator may attenuate inflammatory and damaging effects of the arthritis. However, further study should be performed in human.
The time-dependent effects of highly intensive exercise on the hematological properties of leukocytes, as well as CD4 + and CD8 + level changes as T-lymphocyte activation subsets and the cell death of lymphocytes in rats were studied in this research. Twenty, 60, and 120 min of highly intensive exercise was performed daily for 8 weeks. Total leukocyte counts in the blood of rats exercising for 20 min were elevated; they then decreased to less than the level of the control group up to 120 min. The patterns of lymphocyte level changes were directly influenced by exercise duration and the extents of alteration were similar to the total leukocytes counts. The levels of CD4 + and CD8 + in the blood of the exercising rats were not statistically different even when the exercise was continued for 120 min; thus, the exercise did not affect T-lymphocyte activation. Early-and late-stage lymphocyte apoptosis was not affected by the length of exercise, except that late-phase apoptosis was slightly increased at 120 min, suggesting that aging processes for lymphocyte apoptosis might be stimulated at that time. As the exercise time became longer, stimulated necrosis of lymphocytes was observed, so damage in lymphocytes and a potential loss of immunity might be presumed. The current observation suggests that long-term, highly intensive exercise might result in a loss of immunity that could be due to the damage of lymphocytes in terms of both their numbers and inflammation-related functions. The results suggest that under highly intensive exercise conditions, more than 20 min of exercise should not be suggested for health care purposes.
Abstract. We investigated impacts of regular exercise on the arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and peripheral nerve test. The body weight, systolic blood pressure, and stiffness degree of arteries was lower, whereas cerebral blood flow velocity was higher in the exercise group than in the control group. These findings indicate that exercise may provide useful impacts on peripheral vessels and cerebral circulation.
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