The loss of nigral hyperintensity on susceptibility-weighted imaging suggested nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in a large portion of patients with parkinsonism, which was indicated by (123) I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane single photon emission computerized tomography. In consideration of false-negative and -positive cases, well-designed imaging protocols should be introduced to improve the performance of nigral hyperintensity imaging. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Layered perovskite SrGdNi x Mn1–x O4±δ phases were evaluated as new ceramic anode materials for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis of the SrGdNi x Mn1–x O4±δ (x = 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8) materials revealed that significant exsolution of Ni nanoparticles occurred in SrGdNi0.2Mn0.8O4±δ (SGNM28) in H2 at over 650 °C. Consistently, the SGNM28 on the LSGM electrolyte showed low electrode polarization resistance (1.79 Ω cm2) in H2 at 800 °C. Moreover, after 10 redox cycles at 750 °C, the electrode area specific resistance of the SGNM28 anode in H2 increased only 0.027 Ω·cm2 per cycle (1.78% degradation rate), indicating excellent redox stability in both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. An LSGM-electrolyte-supported SOFC employing an SGNM28-Gd-doped ceria anode yielded a maximum power density of 1.26 W cm–2 at 850 °C, which is the best performance among the SOFCs with Ruddlesden–Popper-based ceramic anodes to date. After performance measurement, we observed that metallic Ni nanoparticles (∼ 25 nm) were grown in situ and homogeneously distributed on the SGNM28 anode surface. These exsolved nanocatalysts are believed to significantly enhance the hydrogen oxidation activity of the SGNM28 material. These results demonstrate that the SGNM28 material is promising as a high catalytically active and redox-stable anode for SOFCs.

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their ability to reversibly convert chemical fuels into electricity at low temperatures below 600 °C. However, extreme sintering conditions during conventional convectionbased heating induce critical problems for PCECs such as nonstoichiometric electrolytes and microstructural coarsening of the electrodes, leading to performance deterioration. Therefore, we fabricated PCECs via a microwave-assisted sintering process (MW-PCEC). Owing to the ultrafast ramping rate (∼50 °C/min) with bipolar rotation and the resistive heating nature of microwave-assisted sintering, undesirable cation diffusion and grain growth were effectively suppressed, thus producing PCECs with stoichiometric electrolytes and nanostructured fuel electrodes. The MW-PCEC achieved electrochemical performance in both in fuel cell (0.85 W cm −2 ) and in electrolysis cell (1.88 A cm −2 ) modes at 600 °C (70% and 254% higher than the conventionally sintered PCEC, respectively) demonstrating the effectiveness of using an ultrafast sintering technique to fabricate high-performance PCECs.

Urinary dysfunctions in PSP patients were as extensive as those with MSA, and were more severe than those with IPD, especially in the voiding phase. This may reflect the extensive degenerative process of neural structure in PSP patients.

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are mutually convertible energy devices capable of generating electricity from chemical fuels including hydrogen in the fuel cell mode and producing green hydrogen using electricity from renewable but intermittent solar and wind resources in the electrolysis cell mode. An effective approach to enhance the performance of SOCs at reduced temperatures is by developing highly active oxygen electrodes for both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. Herein, highly conductive Sm3+ and Nd3+ double-doped ceria (Sm0.075Nd0.075Ce0.85O2−δ, SNDC) is utilized as an active component for reversible SOC applications. We develop a novel La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 −δ (LSCF)–SNDC composite oxygen electrode. Compared with the conventional LSCF–Gd-doped ceria oxygen electrode, the LSCF–SNDC exhibits ∼35% lower cathode polarization resistance (0.042 Ω cm2 at 750 °C) owing to rapid oxygen incorporation and surface diffusion kinetics. Furthermore, the SOC with the LSCF–SNDC oxygen electrode and the SNDC buffer layer yields a remarkable performance in both the fuel cell (1.54 W cm–2 at 750 °C) and electrolysis cell (1.37 A cm–2 at 750 °C) modes because the incorporation of SNDC promotes the surface diffusion kinetics at the oxygen electrode bulk and the activity of the triple phase boundary at the interface. These findings suggest that the highly conductive SNDC material effectively enhances both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, thus serving as a promising material in reversible SOC applications at reduced temperatures.

Highly conductive Dy and Y co-doped bismuth oxides combined with La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ significantly enhanced the ORR and OER as oxygen electrodes for reversible SOCs.

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