The stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.
We have examined a complete phase diagram of Y 1−x Lu x MnO 3 with 0 Յ x Յ 1 by using bulk measurements and neutron-diffraction studies. With increasing Lu concentration, Curie-Weiss temperature and Neel temperature are found to increase continuously while the two-dimensional nature of short-range magnetic correlation persists even in the paramagnetic phase throughout the entire doping range. At the same time, the lattice constants and the unit-cell volume get contracted with Lu doping, i.e., chemical pressure effect. This decrease in the lattice constants and the unit-cell volume then leads naturally to an increased magnetic exchange interaction as found in our local spin-density approximation band calculations. We also discover that there is strong correlation in the temperature dependence of a volume anomaly at T N and the magnetic moments.
We fabricated epitaxial thin films of hexagonal DyMnO 3 , which otherwise form in a bulk perovskite structure, via deposition on Pt(111)//Al 2 O 3 (0001) and YSZ (111) substrates: each of which has in-plane hexagonal symmetry. The polarization hysteresis loop demonstrated the existence of ferroelectricity in our hexagonal DyMnO 3 films at least below 70 K. The observed 2.2 µC/cm 2 remnant polarization at 25 K corresponded to a polarization enhancement by a factor of 10 compared to that of the bulk orthorhombic DyMnO 3 . Interestingly, this system showed an antiferroelectric-like feature in its hysteresis loop. Our hexagonal DyMnO 3 films showed an antiferromagnetic Néel temperature around 60 K and a spin reorientation transition around 40 K. We also found a clear hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the magnetization, which was measured after zero-field-cooling and field-cooling. This hysteresis may well have been of spin glass origin, which was likely to arise from the geometric frustration of antiferromagnetically-coupled Mn spins with an edge-sharing triangular lattice.
Compared to saline-challenged rats, rats exposed to 50 microg intratracheal lipopolysaccharide showed an increase of total white cells (from 0.3 x 10(6) to 2.4 x 10(6)), neutrophils (from 0.09 x 10(6) to 1.8 x 10(6)), the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (from 200 pg ml(-1) to 1200 pg ml(-1)), and interleukin (IL)-1beta (from 220 pg ml(-1) to 650 pg ml(-1)) in the bronchial lavage fluid. However, after pretreatment with extracts of Phellinus gilvus and Phellinus baumii, the total white cells, neutrophils, and the level of IL-1beta in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rats were similar to those in saline-challenged rats, except for TNF-alpha. The results indicate that extracts of P. gilvus and P. baumii may be useful in preventing acute pulmonary inflammation in human diseases.
A two-year-old castrated male Pomeranian dog was referred with the chief complaints of
coughing and subcutaneous emphysema. On physical examination, the crepitant areas were
palpable. When auscultated, the right chest was absent of respiratory sound, while the
sound of the opposite side was enhanced. Radiographs presented pneumothorax and
pneumomediastinum. On computed tomography, hypoattenuated bulla-like lesion at right
middle lung lobe and trapped air in mediastinum were shown. After patient stabilization,
surgery for excision of affected lobe was performed. During follow-up period, there were
no recurrence and complication on radiographic examination. Based on clinical and
pathological findings, the dog was diagnosed as congenital lobar emphysema.
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